孙少康　黄勇　李志明　龙凤

摘要 乳腺癌是威胁全球女性健康最常见的恶性肿瘤。当前乳腺癌的临床治疗方法并不能完全阻止乳腺癌的复发与转移，甚至常引起患者心血管损伤、免疫力低下、藥物敏感性降低、绝经后诸症风险增加等诸多不良反应。筛选安全高效的天然抗乳腺癌活性成分，阐明其抗癌分子机制，研发新型抗乳腺癌药物是临床治疗乳腺癌和改善乳腺癌患者预后的有效策略。生物活性多糖是天然抗肿瘤药物主要来源之一，因其不良反应少，易于被机体吸收和利用，与化疗药物有协同效应等药理活性特点而成为抗肿瘤药物研究热点。现已发现多种具有抗乳腺癌作用的生物活性多糖，但因这些多糖的结构复杂，多糖的抗癌作用机制尚不完全清楚。现整理了近几年有关生物活性多糖抗乳腺癌的研究文献，从多糖的生物学特性、多糖的抗肿瘤活性构效关系以及多糖的直接、间接抗乳腺癌作用机制方面进行论述总结，以期为乳腺癌的临床靶向治疗和抗癌新药研发提供新的科学参考。

关键词 生物活性多糖;乳腺癌;构效关系;作用机制;细胞增殖;凋亡;免疫调节;药物载体

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor that threatens women′s health worldwide.The current clinical treatment methods of breast cancer cannot completely prevent the recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer，and even often cause many adverse reactions in patients，such as cardiovascular injury，low immunity，reduced drug sensitivity，and increased risk of postmenopausal diseases.Screening safe and efficient natural anti-breast cancer active ingredients，clarifying their anti-cancer molecular mechanisms，and developing new anti-breast cancer drugs are effective strategies for clinical treatment of breast cancer and improving the prognosis of breast cancer patients.Bioactive polysaccharide is one of the main sources of natural antitumor drugs.It has become a research hotspot for its pharmacological activity characteristics，such as low toxic and side effects，easy to be absorbed and utilized by the body，and synergistic effect with chemotherapy drugs.A variety of bioactive polysaccharides with anti-breast cancer effects have been found，but due to the complex structure of these polysaccharides，the anti-cancer mechanism of polysaccharides is not completely clear.This paper compiled bioactive polysaccharide anti breast cancer research literatures in recent years，and summarized from the biological characteristics of polysaccharide，the structure-activity relationship of antitumor activity of polysaccharides，and direct and indirect effect of breast cancer resistance mechanism of polysaccharide，so as to provide new scientific reference for clinical targeted therapy of breast cancer and anti-cancer drug research and development.

Keywords Bioactive polysaccharides; Breast cancer; Structure activity relationship; Mechanism of action; Cell proliferation; Apoptosis; Immune regulation; Drug carrier

中图分类号：R273;R285文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.18.026

乳腺癌作为全球范围内女性最常见的恶性肿瘤，严重威胁着女性的生命与健康[1]。目前临床治疗乳腺癌的方法较多，已逐渐形成由手术治疗、物理疗法以及药物综合治疗组成的完整体系[2]。然而在实际临床应用中……