善观察 巧提问 会解决
2021-10-29成玉丽
成玉丽

【摘 要】《数学课程标准》的一个亮点就是突出了“过程性目标”,让学生“经历、体验、探索”。培养学生的问题意识,正是让学生主动探索的切入口。教学中,教师应选取密切联系学生生活、生动有趣的素材,构成情境串,引发出一系列的问题,形成问题串,让学生自己发现问题——提出问题——解决问题,在这个过程中,让学生学会观察、学会提问、学会解决,使学生对所学知识感到有问题可想、有问题可提、有问题可议。这样长期对学生进行训练,循序渐进,定能不断提高学生发现问题、提出问题、解决问题的能力。
【关键词】问题意识;数学能力;课程标准
中图分类号:G626 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0493-2099(2021)30-0145-02
Observe Well, Ask Questions Skillfully, and Solve Cleverly
——On the Cultivation of Students' Problem Consciousness
(Qingdao Tongchuan Road Primary School, Shandong Province,China) CHENG Yuli
【Abstract】One of the highlights of "Mathematics Curriculum Standards" is to highlight the "process goals", allowing students to "undergo, experience and explore". Cultivating students' problem awareness is the entry point for students to explore actively. In teaching, teachers should select lively and interesting materials that are closely related to students lives to form a context string, trigger a series of problems, and form a problem string, so that students can discover problems by themselves—propose problems—solve problems. In this process, let students learn to observe, learn to ask questions, and learn to solve, so that students feel that there are problems to think about, questions to ask, and problems to be discussed in the knowledge they have learned. Such long-term training of students, step by step, will surely continuously improve students' ability to discover, ask, and solve problems.
【Keywords】Problem awareness; Mathematical ability; Curriculum standards
數学问题意识,就是指人们在数学认知活动(数学概念的学习、数学命题学习、技能形成与问题解决)中意识到一些难以解决的、疑虑的实际问题或理论问题时产生的一种怀疑、困惑、焦虑、探究的心理状态。这种心理状态驱使个体积极思维,不断提出和解决问题。在小学数学教学中,要引导学生自主探究学习,教师就必须培养学生的问题意识。下面笔者结合实际教学案例谈谈自己的做法。
一、善于观察——整理信息,提出问题
观察是智慧的源泉,在小学数学教学中教师应有目的、有计划地培养学生的观察能力,有效提高学生的数学能力。
【案例】山东版实验教材三年级上册“三位数除以一位数”
教材情境图呈现的信息丰富,有燕子、孔雀、老鹰三种风筝的总数量和每盒的只数。……