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广东竹类一新种
——绥江青竹

2021-10-29倪静波钮峥洋郑锡荣巫广民童毅华

竹子学报 2021年1期

倪静波,钮峥洋,3,郑锡荣,巫广民,童毅华

(1.中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院植物资源保护与可持续利用重点实验室,广东 广州510650;2.中国科学院核心植物园,广东 广州510650;3.中国科学院大学,北京100049;4.广宁县林业局,广东 广宁526300)

簕竹属(BambusaSchreber)隶属于禾本科(Poaceae)竹亚科(Bambusoideae)簕竹族(Bambuseae),是竹亚科中最大的属之一[1-4]。该属现有100余种,广泛分布于亚洲热带及亚热带地区,中国约产80种,主要分布于南部和西南部地区[1,5],其中以广东种类最多,共有69种[6-7]。簕竹属植物主要特征为常为大型乔木状竹类,地下茎合轴丛生,秆每节具多分枝,箨耳明显,两耳大小不相等,箨片常直立,假小穗单生或数枚簇生于花枝各节,每枚小穗具2至多朵小花,每朵小花具6枚雄蕊,3柱头[1,5]。

目前,簕竹属可分为簕竹亚属(subgen.Bambusa)、绿竹亚属(subgen.Dengdrocalamopsis)、箪竹亚属(subgen.Lingnania)和孝顺竹亚属(subgen.Leleba)等4个亚属。其中,孝顺竹亚属约有35种,其主要特征为秆基部的分枝不特化为刺,箨片基部宽占箨鞘顶宽的1/2~3/4,箨耳明显[1,5]。

在2017年和2018年分别前往广东省广宁县和怀集县进行竹类植物调查的过程中,我们发现了一种未曾记录过的竹种。该种分枝常自秆第8节至第9节开始,秆基部的分枝不特化为刺,箨片基部宽占箨鞘顶宽的3/5~4/5,箨耳明显,显系簕竹属孝顺竹亚属的成员。后经过与近似种的比对研究后发现,本种实为一个未被描述过的新种,因此在这里予以发表。

绥江青竹 新种(图1-2)

图1 绥江青竹Fig.1 Bambusa suijiangensis J.B.Ni,Z.Y.Niu&Y.H.Tong

图2 绥江青竹Fig.2 Bambusa suijiangensis J.B.Ni,Z.Y.Niu&Y.H.Tong

Bambusa suijiangensis J.B.Ni,Z.Y.Niu&Y.H.Tong,sp.nov.(Figs.1-2)

Diagnosis:Bambusa suijiangensisis morphologically similar toB.albolineataL.C.Chia,but differs from it in basal part of culm being straight and without stripes,culm leaf with larger and obviously wavy auricles,and longer lemmas and anthers.

Arborescent bamboo.Rhizome pachymorph,short-necked.Culms erect,8-12 m tall and 5-6 cm in diameter,apically drooping;internodes 40-60 cm long,green,initially thinly white powdery,glabrous;wall 4-6 mm thick;nodes flat,glabrous,basal nodes usually with a ring of gray-white silky hairs above sheath scar;sheath scars prominent,with persistent remains of sheath base.Culm buds broadly ovate.Branches developing from 8th to 9th nodes upwards,inclined at an angle of 45°-60°with the culm,several to many,clustered,the central one dominant.Culm leaf sheaths caducous,thickly leathery,rigid,(22-25)cm×(28.5-35)cm,basal and bi-lateral parts of abaxial surface sparsely stiffly dull brown strigose,glabrescent,apex broadly arched,slightly oblique and asymmetrical;auricles large,unequal,obviously wavy wrinkled,continuous with blades base,margin with dense ca 3 mm long brown setae,larger ones oblong,2-3 cm long and 0.5-1 cm wide,smaller ones elliptic,ca 1/2 size of larger ones;ligules 1-2 mm tall,serrulate,apex arched,shortly fimbriate with trichomes ca 1-4 mm long;blades erect,narrowly triangular,(10-12)cm×(7-9)cm,ca 1/2 as long as sheath proper,abaxially sparsely hispidulous,adaxially glabrous,base not or slightly narrowed and extending outward to join auricles,3/5-4/5 as wide as sheath apex,apex acuminate.Foliage leaves 7-12 per ultimate branch;sheaths glabrous;auricles falcate,2-3 mm long,oral setae 1-9 mm long;inner ligules truncate or slightly arched,0.5-2 mm tall,serrulate,glabrous;leaf blades lanceolate to linear lanceolate,papyraceous,(8-20)cm×(1-2)cm,apex acute,base subrounded to cuneate,abaxially densely pubescent,adaxially glabrous,secondary veins 5-7 pairs,transverse veins inconspicuous;petioles(1-3)cm×(1-2)mm,glabrous.Pseudospikelets sessile,usually 2-3 fasciculate at nodes of flowering branches and branchlets,linear-lanceolate,dull purple when fresh,bronze-colored when dry,(3-4.5)cm×(0.5-0.7)cm;prophylls broadly ovate,2-3 mm long,2-keeled,keels densely ciliolate towards tips;gemmiferous bracts 2-3,broadly ovate,2-10 mm long,glabrous,17-19-veined,apex acute and mucronate;florets 6-9,apical one sterile;rachilla segments flat,3-5 mm long,glabrous,apex enlarged.Empty glume(or sometimes sterile lemma)usually 1,broadly ovate,ca.10 mm,15-17-veined,glabrous,apex acute and mucronate;lemma elliptic,11-16 mm long,glabrous,21-veined,apex acute and mucronate;palea lanceolate,10-15 mm long,slightly shorter than lemma,2-keeled,keels glabrous,6-8-veined between keels and 4-veined on either side of keels,apex acute;lodicules 3,unequal,fleshy,white,margins long ciliate,anterior 2 oblique,subspatulate,ca 3 mm long,posterior 1 obovate-elliptic,ca 2 mm long.Stamen 6,filaments slender,white,greenish when young;anthers yellow,tinged with purple,ca 7-8.5 mm long,apex retuse;ovary broadly ovoid,ca 2 mm long,1-1.5 mm in diameter,apex thickened and hispidulous,base stalked;style ca 1 mm long,hispidulous;stigmas3,7.5-9 mm long,plumose.Mature caryopsis unknown.

Type:CHINA.Guangdong:Zhaoqing City,Guangning County,Kengkou Town,near Daliang Village,23°34′32″N,112°20′26″E,16 August 2017,N.H.Xia,J.B.Ni&X.R.Zheng B2017009(holotype:IBSC).

Additional specimen examined(paratypes):CHINA.Guangdong:Guangzhou City,South China Botanical Garden,bamboo garden,23°10′49″N,113°21′10″E,20m alt.,15 March 2018,J.B.Ni NJB001(IBSC);Zhaoqing City,Huaiji County,Aozai Town,near Xinjiao Village,23°48′50″N,112°14′13″E,54 m alt.,12 October 2018,Huaiji Expedition 441224181012018LY(IBSC).

乔木状竹类;地下茎合轴丛生;秆直立,高8~12 m,直径5~6 cm,尾稍下垂;节间圆筒形,长40~60 cm,绿色,幼时略被白粉,无毛,秆壁厚4~6 mm;……

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