赵列

摘 要：易地扶贫搬迁农户由熟悉的乡土社会进到陌生社区，以血缘、地缘为基础的社会关系受到冲击，生活场域-惯习发生转变。本文基于575份搬迁农户的微观调查数据，运用OLS回归方法，揭示影响搬迁农户适应迁入地的因素及内在机制。结果表明：搬迁农户在迁入地的社会信任、人际关系与社会适应具有显著相关关系，不同代际、学历、调查点及经济状况农户的社会适应存在明显差异;同时，运用KHB检验了人际关系分别在特殊信任、一般信任对社会适应的正向影响中起着部分中介作用，中介比例为32.24%和5.38%;以及农户的性别、代际差异在社会信任（特殊信任和一般信任）与社会适应之间发挥着调节效应，表现为特殊信任、一般信任分别对女性、老一代搬迁农户的社会适应影响要弱。为此，应立足于异质性个体，以安置社区居委会为载体，政府、社区宏观系统配合发力，重塑人际关系网，构建高度信任的安置区，实现搬迁农户到迁入地“稳得住、能致富”。

关键词：搬迁农户;社会信任;人际关系;社会适应

中图分类号：C912 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5192（2021）05-0090-07 doi：10.11847/fj.40.5.90

Abstract：Poverty alleviation and relocation of rural households moves from familiar rural communities to unfamiliar communities， social relations based on blood and geography are impacted， and their living field-habits changed. Based on survey data 575 micro relocations of farmers， the OLS regression method， this paper reveals the influencing factors and internal mechanisms of relocation farmers adapting to the place of relocation. The results show that： the social trust， interpersonal relationships and social adaptation of the relocated farmers has a significant correlation， there are obvious differences in social adaptation of farmers with different generations， educational backgrounds， survey points and economic conditions; and use KHB to test that interpersonal relationships play a partial intermediary role in the positive effects of special trust and general trust on social adaptation， the intermediary ratio of 32.24% and 5.38%; the gender and generational differences of farmers play a moderating effect between social trust （special trust and general trust） and social adaptation， it shows that special trust and general trust have a weaker impact on the social adaptation of women and older generations of relocated farmers. Therefore， based on micro-individuals， using the resettlement of community committees as the carrier， the government and the communitys macro-system cooperate to reshape the interpersonal network， build a highly trusted resettlement area， and realize the relocated farmers “stable residence and richness”.

Key words：relocation of farmers; social trust; interpersonal relationship; social adaptation

1 引言

2020年是我國脱贫攻坚、全面建成小康社会的决胜期，按照党中央、国务院“精准扶贫、精准脱贫”的要求，易地扶贫搬迁作为脱贫攻坚“五个一批”精准扶贫的标志性工程，相继出台了《中国农村扶贫开发纲要（2011～2020年）》《中共中央国务院关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定》以及《全国“十三五”易地扶贫搬迁规划》的政策性扶贫文件，从根本上解决居住在“一方水土养不起一方人”地区贫困人口的致富发展。……