郝祥蕊 吴小珍 崔莹 何亚文

摘    要：纹枯病是由立枯丝核菌侵染引起的一种真菌病害，是水稻发生最为普遍的病害之一。申嗪霉素和吩胺霉素是我国具有自主知识产权的微生物代谢产物农药。为了研究水稻纹枯病菌对这两种生物农药的抗药性，本研究开展了如下试验：（1）分别测定申嗪霉素和吩胺霉素在离体平板培养条件下抑制水稻纹枯病菌生长所需EC20和EC50;（2）纹枯病菌在含有EC20浓度申嗪霉素或吩胺霉素平板上连续传代传至20代、25代和30代时，分别测定了各自的EC50;（3）比较了在含有EC20浓度申嗪霉素或吩胺霉素平板上连续培养25代的纹枯病菌对水稻的致病性;（4）从相应致病水稻再分离纯化纹枯病菌，比较了所得纹枯病菌的菌落形态、菌丝颜色及其形成的菌核形态。结果表明：水稻纹枯病菌在含有申嗪霉素或吩胺霉素的平板上培养20～30代后，对申嗪霉素和吩胺霉素的敏感性与对照相比无显著性差异。申嗪霉素和吩胺霉素可长期使用防治水稻纹枯病。

关键词：水稻纹枯病;申嗪霉素;吩胺霉素;耐药性

中图分类号：S435.111.4+2         文献标识码：A          DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.09.011

Evaluation of the Drug Resistance of Rhizoctonia to Two Metabolite Pesticides Shenqinmycin and Fenanmycin

HAO Xiangrui1，2， WU Xiaozhen1， CUI Ying2， HE Yawen2

（1.Shanghai Nongle Biological Products Limited Company， Shanghai 201419， China; 2.Shanghai Jiao Tong University-Shanghai Nongle Joint R&D center on Biopesticides and Biofertilizers， Shanghai Jiao Tong University， Shanghai 200240， China）

Abstract： Rice sheath blight is an important rice fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Shenqinmycin and Fenanmycin are microbial metabolite pesticides with independent intellectual property rights in China. To investigate whether Shenqinmycin or Fenanmycin application caused drug resistance in Rhizoctonia solani， the following experiments were conducted in this study： （1） The EC50 （half maximal effective concentration） and EC20 values of Shenqinmycin and Fenanmycin on Rhizoctonia solani under in vitro plate culturing condition were determined; （2） After subculturing for 20， 25 and 30 generations on the plate supplemented with Shenqinmycin or Fenanmycin at EC20 concentration， the EC50 of the resultant Rhizoctonia solani was determined; （3） The virulence of the 25-generation sub-cultured Rhizoctonia solani on rice was determined; （4） The Rhizoctonia solani strains were isolated from the infected rice and compared in the colony morphology， hyphal color and sclerotioid morphology. The results suggested that no drug resistance against Rhizoctonia solani was observed after in vitro subculturing for 20-30 generations on Shenqinmycin-or Fenanmycin-containing plates. The Shenqinmycin-or Fenanmycin-treated Rhizoctonia solani remains virulent on rice as the original isolate.

Key words： Rhizoctonia solani; Shenqinmycin; Fenanmycin; drug resistance

水稻紋枯病是由立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）侵染引起的一种真菌性病害。水稻发病后叶片枯死，结实率下降，平均减产5%～10%，严重发病时可减产30%～50%，给农业生产造成严重的经济损失[1-3]。常规使用的防治药剂，如爱苗（30%苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑乳油）、嘧菌酯悬浮剂、满穗（噻呋酰胺悬浮剂）、己唑醇和嘧菌酯悬浮剂等，可用于防治水稻纹枯病，但易产生不同程度的抗药性[4-5]。……