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钛基材料在超级电容器中的研究进展

2021-10-07韩曼舒周志浩李誉陈明华陈庆国

哈尔滨理工大学学报 2021年4期

韩曼舒 周志浩 李誉 陈明华 陈庆国

摘 要:超级电容器具有功率密度高、充放电速度快、使用寿命长等优点,被认为是最有前途的储能装置之一。电极材料是影响超级电容器性能的决定性因素,其中,钛基材料以其天然丰度、低毒、低成本和易制备等优点被作为超级电容器的候选电极材料,并得到广泛研究。研究人员通过对其形貌结构的调控,从而达到提高电极材料电化学性能的目的,使其在众多能源功能材料中更具竞争力。文中介绍了超级电容器的储能机理及几种常见钛基材料的应用与改性,展望了钛基材料在超级电容器中的应用前景。

关键词:超级电容器;双电层电容;法拉第赝电容;钛基电极材料

DOI:10.15938/j.jhust.2021.04.001

中图分类号:TM53

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1007-2683(2021)04-0001-08

Abstract:Supercapacitors are considered to be one of the most promising energy storage devices because of their high power density, fast charging and discharging speed, and long service life. The electrode material is a crucial factor affecting the performance of supercapacitors. Titanium-based materials have been widely studied as candidate electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their natural abundance, low toxicity, low cost, and easy preparation. In order to improve the electrochemical performance of electrode materials, researchers manipulate their morphology and structure to make them more competitive among many energy functional materials. This article introduces the energy storage mechanism of supercapacitors and the application and modification of several common titanium-based materials and looks at the favorable prospects of titanium-based materials in supercapacitors.

Keywords:supercapacitors; electric double layer capacitor; pseudocapacitor; Ti-based materials

0 引 言

世界能源發展正进入新的历史时期,发展清洁低碳能源是必然趋势[1]。由于经济社会的发展,对能源的需求量日益剧增,传统化石能源的减少促使人们集中精力发展可再生能源技术[2]。为保证电力系统的稳定运行,实现新能源的管理与调控,必须发展储能技术[3]。在经济社会快速发展与我国现存能源短缺的矛盾下,超级电容器应运而生[4]。超级电容器在储能领域有着良好的应用前景。在过去数十年里,为提高超级电容器的储能能力和应用,国内外学者对其展开了广泛的研究[5]。

与二次电池相比,超级电容器具有更高的功率密度,能够在极短时间内释放电池所难以达到的大电流,这一性质很好地满足了某些有高功率输出需求的用电设备[6]。……

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