李秋婵 余照斌 林睿 彭琼 张卫权

【摘要】目的：探討清远市清城区学龄前儿童生长发育水平的影响因素。方法：调查对象为清远市清城区的学龄前儿童，共计552例，调查内容包括儿童的体格测量、体格检查以及问卷调查三部分。以世界卫生组织推荐的各年龄阶段的身高、体重为标准，分析当前清远市清城区学龄前儿童生长发育水平现状，并探讨其影响因素。结果：在552例儿童中，低体重发生率为2.36%（13/552），生长发育迟缓率为3.44%（19/552），消瘦率为2.17%（12/552），肥胖率为2.90（16/552）；单因素分析表明，学龄前儿童生长发育水平与出生状况（胎龄及出生体重）、地区（城市/郊区）、家庭收入、子女数量（是否是独生子女）、父母文化程度、睡眠时长、是否偏食等呈显著差异（P<0.05）；将单因素分析有差异的因素纳入Logistic多元回归分析，发现胎龄及出生体重低、睡眠时间短、偏食、郊区儿童是低体重、消瘦的主要影响因素（OR=1.263，P=0.002；OR=1.355，P=0.003；OR=1.482，P=0.001；OR=1.663，P=0.001）；独生子女、父母文化程度低以及城市儿童是肥胖的主要影响因素（OR=1.322，P=0.004；OR=1.204，P=0.003；OR=1.463，P=0.002）。结论：清远市清城区学龄前儿童生长发育水平仍有待提高，应基于生长发育水平影响因素制定有效干预措施。

【关键词】清远市清城区；学龄前儿童；生长发育水平；单因素分析；Logistic多元回归；影响素

【中图分类号】R153.2.【文献标识码】A.【文章编号】2096-5249（2021）14-07-03

Analysis on growth and development level and influencing factors of preschool children in Qingcheng District， Qingyuan City

Li Qiuchan，Yu Zhaobin，Lin Rui，Peng Qiong，Zhang Weiquan

Child health department of Qingyuan maternal and Child Health Hospital，Qingyuan 511500，China

【Abstract】Objective： To explore the influencing factors of preschool children’s growth and development in Qingcheng District，Qingyuan City. Methods： a total of 552 preschool children in Qingcheng District of Qingyuan City were investigated.The survey included three parts：Children’s physical measurement，physical examination and questionnaire survey. Based on the height and weight at all ages recommended by the World Health Organization，the current growth and development level of preschool children in Qingcheng District of Qingyuan City was analyzed，and its influencing factors were discussed..Results：among 552 children，the incidence of low body weight was 2.36%（13/552），the rate of growth retardation was 3.44%（19/552），the rate of weight loss was 2.17%（12/552），and the rate of obesity was 2.90（16/552）；Univariate analysis showed that the growth and development level of preschool children was significantly difference with birth status（gestational age and birth weight），region（urban/suburban），family income，number of children（whether they were the only child），parents’ educational level，sleep time and partial eclipse（P<0.05）；The factors with differences in univariate analysis were included in logistic multiple regression analysis. It was found that gestational age，low birth weight，short sleep time，partial eclipse and suburban children were the main influencing factors of low weight and weight loss（OR=1.263，P=0.002 ；OR=1.355，P=0.003；OR=1.482，P=0.001；OR=1.663，P=0.001）；Only child，low educational level of parents and urban children were the main influencing factors of obesity（OR=1.322，P=0.004；OR=1.204，P=0.003；OR=1.463，P=0.002）.Conclusion： the growth and development level of preschool children in Qingcheng District of Qingyuan city still needs to be improved. Effective intervention measures should be formulated based on the influencing factors of growth and development level.

【Key words】Qingcheng District，Qingyuan City；Preschool children；Growth and development level；Single factor analysis；Logistic multiple regression；influence factor

儿童生长发育水平不仅直接反应儿童营养、体格及健康状况，亦是反应地区经济水平及社会文明程度的重要体现[1-2]。中国超重、肥胖的发生率呈现显著上升趋势[2]，而在某些欠发达地区，低体重、消瘦成为威胁儿童健康状态的主要因素。……