沈炼 唐春朝 韩艳 汪阔 李春光 蔡春声

摘 要：风环境是评价人居生活质量好坏的重要指标，随着国民经济的快速发展，越来越多的高耸楼宇应运而生，这些楼宇会较大程度地改变已有小区的风环境，给小区居民正常生活带来困扰，而当前对该问题的针对性研究还十分匮乏。以长沙通用时代国际社区为研究背景，利用大尺度风洞（10 m×3 m×21 m）对新增高耸建筑后的小区风环境进行了全方位、多工况试验研究，并基于超越概率法对有无新增高耸建筑小区风环境舒适度与危险度进行定量评估。结果表明：城市小区平均风剖面与湍流度剖面指数值要远高于规范值，表明城市小区具有较大的地表粗糙度。新增高耸建筑会显著改变其邻近区域风环境，如高耸建筑对通用时代小区100、200、300 m范围内平均风速分别造成了25%、6%和2%的加速作用，在增加高耸建筑后小区风环境舒适度与危险度超越概率最大值分别增加了2倍和6倍。

关键词：高耸建筑;风环境;超越概率;风洞试验;风场分布

中图分类号：TU14;TU241.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-6717（2021）06-0103-10

Abstract： Urban wind environment is an important index to evaluate the quality of human life. In recent years， with the rapid development of the economy， more and more new high-rise buildings have been built and greatly changed the existing residential wind environment. It leads a great trouble to the normal life of the residents in the community. However， the target researches focus on this problem are still very scarce. In this paper， the Tongyong Shidai community is chosen as the case study， and all-round and multi-condition experimental study on the residential wind environment influenced by high-rise building is analyzed by large scale wind tunnel （10 m×3 m×32 m）. Meanwhile， exceeding probability method is used to quantitatively evaluate comfort degree and risk degree of the residential area with or without new high-rise buildings. The results show that the profile index values for average wind profiles and turbulence profiles are much higher than the values of standard， which indicates that urban area has greater surface roughness. The added high-rise buildings will significantly change the wind environment of the adjacent areas. When the high-rise building is added， the average wind speed in current community within 100， 200， 300 m is increased by 25%， 6% and 2%， respectively. The maximum value of the wind environment comfort and risk exceeding probability is increased by two times and six times， respectively.

Keywords： high-rise building; wind environment; exceeding probability; wind tunnel test; wind field characteristic

近年來，随着经济的快速发展，城市化进程不断加快，建设用地紧张的问题愈发凸显，越来越多的高层建筑应运而生。这些高层建筑周围气流易产生下冲、绕流、涡旋、穿堂等现象，从而引发人行高度风环境不舒适性问题[1]。目前对城市建筑风环境研究的主要手段有现场实测、风洞试验和数值模拟。现场实测最能直接反映建筑周围的风场分布，但由于测试周期长，耗费大量人力物力，从而得不到广泛应用。……