顾颖慧，刘虹丹，刘文成，朱敏，李天兵，李春燕，丁锦峰，郭文善，朱新开

摘要：【目的】探明硫包衣型緩释肥施用方式对不同红皮强筋小麦品种产量、品质及氮效率的影响，为缓释肥在小麦生产中的科学施用提供参考依据。【方法】以4个红皮强筋小麦品种（镇麦12、扬富麦101、苏麦11和农麦88）为试验材料，在等量施氮（纯氮225 kg/ha）条件下，设100%硫包衣缓释肥（Q）、60%硫包衣缓释肥与+40%尿素配施（H）2种肥料配比方式，3个基追比水平（10∶0、7∶3和5∶5），以常规尿素分施（基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为5∶1∶2∶2）处理为对照（CK），比较分析不同肥料配比、基追比处理间小麦产量、品质和氮效率的差异。【结果】相较于CK，硫包衣缓释肥单施对4种红皮强筋小麦增产效果较好，以Q3处理（肥料配比为Q，基追比为5∶5）增产效果较佳，平均达7.93%。对4个品种的产量直接影响最大的因子是千粒重，其次是每穗粒数（扬富麦101、农麦88）或穗数（镇麦12、苏麦11）;Q3处理的氮肥农学效率与氮肥偏生产力最高，H3处理（肥料配比为H，基追比为5∶5）的氮肥表观利用率相对较高。品种、肥料配比、基追比对小麦相关品质指标均存在显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）影响，其中小麦出粉率以CK和H1处理（肥料配比为H，基追比为10∶0）较高，蛋白质、湿面筋、沉降值以CK和H3处理较高，面团稳定时间以CK和Q3处理较好，综合品质多以H3处理最佳。【结论】100%硫包衣缓释肥采用基肥∶返青肥为5∶5的施肥方式，小麦高产、省工;60%硫包衣缓释肥+40%尿素配施采用基肥∶返青肥为5∶5的施肥方式，小麦增产、提质，且可实现优质与氮高效的协同发展，这2种方式可作为稻茬小麦推荐施肥模式。

关键词： 红皮强筋小麦;硫包衣缓释肥;氮肥运筹;产量;品质;氮效率

中图分类号： S521.1                       文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）09-2382-09

Effects of different ratios of sulfur coated slow-release fertilizer on yield，quality and nitrogen efficiency of red-skinned strong gluten wheat

GU Ying-hui1， LIU Hong-dan1， LIU Wen-cheng1， ZHU Min1，2，3， LI Tian-bing4，

LI Chun-yan1，2， DING Jin-feng1，2， GUO Wen-shan1，2，3， ZHU Xin-kai1，2，3*

（1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology， Yangzhou University， Yangzhou， Jiangsu  225009，China; 2Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Industrial Technology of Grain Crops， Yangzhou， Jiangsu  225009，China; 3International Cooperation Joint Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety，Ministry of Education，Yangzhou， Jiangsu  225009; 4China Hanfeng Slow-release Fertilizer（Jiangsu） Co.，Ltd.，Jiangyan，

Jiangsu  225510， China）

Abstract：【Objective】In order to explore the regulatory characteristics of sulfur coated slow-release fertilizer on yield，quality and nitrogen efficiency of different red skinned strong gluten wheat varieties，and to provide reference for the scientific application of slow-release fertilizer in wheat production. 【Method】Four red skinned strong gluten wheat varieties（Zhenmai 12，Yangfumai 101，Sumai 11 and Nongmai 88） were used as experimental materials. Under the condition of equal nitrogen application rate（225 kg/ha pure nitrogen），the fertile formulae were 100% slow-release fertilizer （Q） and 60% slow-release fertilizer+40% urea（H）. The three base to dress ratio levels were 10∶0，7∶3 and 5∶5. The conventional fertilization mode （basal∶tillering∶jointing∶booting as 5∶1∶2∶2） was set as a control（CK）. The differences of the different modes on yield，quality and nitrogen efficiency of wheat were analyzed. 【Result】The results showed that the single fertilization of sulfur coated slow-release fertilizer had a better effect on increasing the yield of four wheat varieties compared with CK，and the yield increase effect of Q3 treatment（fertilizer ratio was Q， base to dress ration was 5∶5） was the best，with an average yield of 7.93%. The factor that directly affected the most the yield of the four varieties was 1000-kernel weight，followed by thekernels per spike （Yangfumai 101，Nongmai 88） or the spike number （Zhenmai 12， Sumai 11）. Q3 treatment was the highest in agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and partial productivity of nitrogen ferti-lizer. The recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in H3 treatment（fertilizer ratio was H， base to dress ration was 5：5） was relatively high. Variety，fertilizer ratio and base to dress ratio on wheat-related quality indicators have significant（P<0.05） or extremely significant（P<0.01） effects. The flour extraction rate was higher in CK and H1（fertilizer ratio was H， base to dress ration was 10∶0） treatments. The protein content，wet gluten，sedimentation value were higher in CK and H3 treatments. The dough stability time was higher in CK and Q3 treatments. The comprehensive traits in H3 treatment was the best. 【Conclusion】Therefore，100% sulfur coated slow-release fertilizer can achieve high yield，labor-saving with basic fertilizer∶re-greening fertilizer is 5∶5. And 60% slow-release fertilizer+40% urea canincrease grain yield，improve quality and achieve high quality and nitrogen efficient synergistic development with basic fertilizer∶re-greening fertilizer is 5∶5. These two methods can be recommended fertilization mode as wheat following rice.

Key words： red strong-gluten wheat; sulfur coated slow-release fertilizer; nitrogen management; yield; quality; nitrogen use efficiency

Foundation item： National Key Research and Development Program of China（2018YFD0200500）; Jiangsu Mo-dern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Project（JATS〔2021〕503）

0 引言

【研究意义】氮素肥料作为调控小麦产量与品质的重要手段，一直是生产中最常用的技术措施。但长期以来大面积生产上主要以速效氮肥为主，施肥方式一般采用基施加多次追施速效肥料（郭文善等，2019），因其肥效快、肥效期短，且需多次分期施用，常……