于耀峰

摘 要 采用5%溴氰菊酯乳油、苏云金杆菌生物杀虫粉、白僵菌粉剂等几种药剂开展了松毛虫（Dendrolimus tabulaeformis）防治试验，比较了各药剂的防治效果、林间其他生物的安全性及防控效果的持续性等，结果表明：5%溴氰菊酯乳油可以快速发挥出灭杀松毛虫的效果，而苏云金杆菌生物杀虫粉、白僵菌粉剂2种生物药剂的防治效果具有一定的迟效性，施药后24 h防控效果不明显，3周后生物药剂杀灭松毛虫的效果高于化学药剂;生物药剂防治处理的林间生物没有大量死亡现象，而化学药剂处理林间大量昆虫死亡;生物药剂防控的持续性明显，施药后若干年还可发挥较好的防控效果，有利于形成有虫不成灾的良性生态系统。

关键词 化学药剂;生物防治;松毛虫;防控效果

中图分类号：S763.42       文献标识码：A   doi：10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2021.02.013

Abstract Control experiments against Dendrolimus tabulaeformis was conducted with 5% deltamethrin EC，Bacillus thuringiensis biological insecticide powder，Beauveria bassiana powder，etc..The control effects of each agent，the safety and control of other organisms in the forest were compared. Result shows that 5% deltamethrin EC can quickly kill Dendrolimus tabulaeformis，while the control effect of Bacillus thuringiensis biological insecticide powder and Beauveria bassiana powder has a certain delay. The prevention and control effect is not obvious within 24 hours after application. After three weeks，the effect of biological agents in killing Dendrolimus tabulaeformis is higher than that of chemical agents;there is no large number of deaths in forest organisms treated with biological agents，while a large number of forests treated with chemical agents lead to insects death;the persistence of biopharmaceutical control is obvious，and it can also exert a better control effect several years after application，which is conducive to the formation of a benign ecosystem with insects and no damage.

Key words chemical agents;biological control;Dendrolimus tabulaeformis;control effect

辽西地区气候干旱，土壤沙化趋势明显，几十年来，当地一直积极发展抗旱能力强、水土保持效果好的林木类型，深根性、抗逆能力强的油松（Pinus tabuliformis）得到了大面积的栽植。由于20世纪末期当地栽植的多是人工林，林分过于单一，导致了近些年油松林中松毛虫的暴发，目前已成为为害油松林的主要害虫，给辽西林業生产造成了严重的损失[1]。为了有效控制松毛虫的危害，辽西地区每年都投入大量的人力、物力、财力用于松毛虫（Dendrolimus tabulaeformis）的防治，以前主要选择化学药剂防治的方法，所用的药剂类型主要为一些触杀性的农药，如溴氰菊酯乳油、氯氰菊酯乳油等，虽然可对松毛虫的危……