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茖葱遮阴育苗试验初报

2021-09-12李国升

防护林科技 2021年2期

李国升

摘 要 以3年生茖葱为试验材料,通过设置21.3%(Ⅰ区)、39.2%(Ⅱ区)、57.5%(Ⅲ区)、79.6%(Ⅳ区)和100%(CK)等5个透光处理,对茖葱物候期、苗木生长及苗木生理特性进行了研究,结果表明:不同遮阴处理对茖葱萌动期无影响,随着遮阴强度增大,枯萎期延后, CK比其他处理早进入展叶期和枯萎期。Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区生长最好,可食用部分鲜质量最大,分别为133.2和129.6 g  株-1。水分利用率以Ⅰ区最高,为0.157 mmol  mol-1;Ⅱ区次之,为0.156 mmol  mol-1。遮阴有利于光能利用率的增加,各处理明显高于CK。人工栽植茖葱以透光率40%~60%的环境最为适宜。

关键词 茖葱;遮阴;物候期;生长量;光能利用率

中图分类号:S759.82       文献标识码:A   doi:10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2021.02.010

Abstract The 3-year-old Allium victorialis was used as the test material,and five light transmittances were set,including 21.3% (zone Ⅰ),39.2% (zone Ⅱ),57.5% (zone Ⅲ),79.6% (zone Ⅳ) and 100% (CK). The phenolphase,seedling growth & physiological characteristics of Allium victorialis were studied. Result shows that: Different shading treatments have no effect on the germination period of the green onion. As the shading intensity increases,the wilting period is delayed,and CK is better than other treatments. It enters the leaf spreading and withering phases early. Zone Ⅱ & Ⅲ have the optimal growth,and the edible part have the highest fresh quality,which are 133.2 g  tree-1& 129.6 g  tree-1,respectively. The water use efficiency is highest in zone I,which is 0.157 mmol   mol-1;zone II is the second,which is 0.156 mmol   mol-1. Shading is conducive to the increase of light energy utilization,and each treatment is significantly higher than CK. Artificial planting of green onions with a light transmittance of 40%-60% of the environment is the most suitable.

Key words Allium victorialis;shading;phenophase;growth;solar energy utilization efficiency

茖蔥(Allium victorialis)为百合科葱属多年生草本,一种食药同源植物[1]。茖葱野生条件下繁殖困难,野生资源已经十分稀有[2]。近年来,由于其特殊的营养及药用价值日益受到人们的重视[3]。辽宁省内茖葱分布零散,暂未发现较大野生群落[4]。因此,开展茖葱生长及生理特性研究,提出适宜驯化栽培方式具有重要意义。本文通过5种不同遮阴方式对茖葱物候期、生长及生理特性的影响进行了研究,得到最适合的遮阴方式,为茖葱人工栽培提供理论依据。

1 试验地概况

试验地位于本溪县草河口镇辽宁省森林经营研究所实验林场苗圃。该地区年均气温5.8 ℃,最热月(7月)平均气温25.3 ℃,最冷月(1月)平均气温-13 ℃,年均日照时数2 285.3 h,年平均降水量1 001.4 mm,年蒸发量1 013.7 mm。

2 材料与方法

2.1 试验材料

辽宁省森林经营研究所实验林场苗圃培育的3年生播种苗。

2.2 试验方法

试验在辽宁省森林经营研究所圃地内进行,土壤采用比例为1∶1的园土+腐殖土,遮阴棚长20 m,宽6 m。……

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