郑冰

摘 要 为探索科学施肥模式，缓解园林绿地土壤肥力的退化，以油松为处理对象，研究了园林废弃物、化肥和腐熟鸡粪对园林绿地土壤理化性质的影响，结果表明：施肥能够显著降低土壤容重和pH，增加土壤毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度，提高土壤有机质含量，土壤电导率（EC值）变化不显著。以穴施腐熟鸡粪效果最佳，在0～30 cm土层中，穴施鸡粪的土壤容重降低了9.56%，pH降低了4.93%。土壤毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度和土壤有机质分别增加了6.25%、36.66%、12.03%和14.92%，有效改善了土壤环境，可以用于园林绿地建设和土壤的培肥。

关键词 施肥;园林绿地;理化性质;有机质;容重

中图分类号：S714.6       文献标识码：A   doi：10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2021.02.004

Abstract In order to explore the scientific fertilization mode and alleviate the degradation of the soil fertility of garden green land，the effect of garden waste，chemical fertilizer and decomposed chicken manure on the physical and chemical properties of garden green land soil was studied by using Pinus tabulaeformis as the treatment object. Result shows that fertilization can significantly reduce soil bulk density & pH value，increase soil capillary porosity，non-capillary porosity and total porosity，increase soil organic matter content，and soil EC value does not change significantly. The effect of applying decomposed chicken manure in the hole is optimal. In the 0-30 cm soil layer，the soil bulk density of the hole application of chicken manure is reduced by 9.56% and the pH value is reduced by 4.93%;soil capillary porosity，non-capillary porosity，total porosity & soil organic matter increase by 6.25%， 36.66%， 12.03% & 14.92% respectively，which effectively improve the soil environment and can be used for garden green space construction and soil fertilization.

Key words fertilization;garden green space;physical and chemical properties;organic matter;bulk density

土壤是人类生存的重要自然资源，是生物与非生物体进行能量和物质转化的重要枢纽和介质，但随着全球人口的增加，造成耕地面积锐减，土壤肥力下降，严重威胁人类生存的环境质量[1]。肥料是农业生产的基本资料，是决定植物健康生长的关键因子，能够满足植物生长对矿质元素的需求，改善土壤理化性质。目前，土壤肥料主要分有机肥和无机肥。与无机肥相比，有机肥因富含有机质和多种中微量元素，具有促进植物新陈代谢、活化土壤养分、改善土壤环境等优点，并有利于保护土壤环境[2]。园林植物是园林工程建设中重要的材料，随着人们生活水平的提高，对园林绿化观赏价值的要求越来越高，但在园林植物养护过程中“重化肥，轻有机肥”现象严重，导致施肥养分比例失调、土质变差、保水保肥能力降低、土壤肥力下降等，严重影响园林绿化的观赏价值[3，4]。……