白立强 李卫忠 宣世荣 刘少波 赵晓娥 程敏

摘 要：陕西眉县猕猴桃经过多年种植，园内土壤板结、有机质含量缺乏等问题逐渐暴露，一定程度上影响了猕猴桃的产量和品质。本研究对该县采用的土地清耕、枝蔓粉碎发酵还田和园内种草三种耕作模式的园地土壤进行检测，结果表明：枝蔓粉碎发酵还田和园内种草，与土地清耕相比，可以改善土壤结构，提高土壤疏松度和熟化程度，提高土壤的全氮，显著提高土壤全碳和有机质含量。枝蔓粉碎发酵还田对土壤的影响效果比园内种草更明显，连续使用枝蔓粉碎发酵还田耕作措施的效果更好。建议在果园耕作时，优先考虑枝蔓粉碎发酵还田模式。

关键词  陕西;猕猴桃;果园;耕作模式;土壤

Abstract： Through ten years cultivation practice， kiwi orchard has had some problems such as soil compaction， lack of organic matter and some others which have influenced the fruit quality to some extent. The research investigated the soil in three cultivation models of orchards， that is，  orchard using fermented chips from pruning as fertilizer， orchard with grass growing between lines and orchard with clearance. The result showed that fermented chips from pruning and growing grass in orchard have improved soil properties much more than the measure of clearance in terms of soil structure， porosity， nitrogen content and organic matter. Consecutive use of fermented chips from pruning as fertilizer is much effective for soil improvement and therefor， is highly recommended for kiwi orchard management.

Key words： Shaanxi; kiwifruit; orchard; cultivation model; soil

陕西眉县是中国3大猕猴桃适生区之一，经过多年种植，园内土壤板结、有机质含量缺乏等问题逐渐暴露，影响了猕猴桃的生产【1】。陕西眉县猕猴桃果园在日常耕作中主要采用土地清耕、枝蔓粉碎发酵还田和种草3种，其中，土地清耕简单易操作，但果园产量及果实品质不高。枝蔓粉碎发酵还田和园内种草，虽然成本相对较高，却可提高果园产量和果实品质【2】。本研究在陕西眉县“徐香”猕猴桃园内，对土地清耕、枝蔓粉碎发酵还田和园内种草三种耕作模式的土样进行检测，研究其对猕猴桃园地土壤的影响。

1 研究区概况

试验地位于宝鸡市眉县田家寨村。该区属于暖温带大陆性半湿润气候，年平均气温13.50C，年平均降水量650～800mm，年平均日照2015.2h，无霜期218d。……