程姗玲 朱首贤 张瑰 张文静

摘要： 利用海浪造成的遙感影像波纹状特征， 可以基于小波方法反演海浪波长， 进而利用海浪波长随水深变浅而变短的特点反演浅海水深. 选择复Morlet小波方法， 采用理想波面数据和FUNWAVE模式数值模拟的波面数据代替遥感资料进行仿真研究， 讨论资料分辨率和子图分割对波长及水深反演的影响. 理想波面数据反演波长的结果表明， 在波长空间无变化的情况下， 子图长度大于波长、子图内均匀分布的资料点数在9个以上时， 资料分辨率对海浪波长反演结果基本无影响， 可以用波长能量谱解释其原因； 在波长空间变化的情况下， 子图长度大于2倍波长、每个波长内资料点数在4个以上， 可以得到较好的波长反演效果. 数值模拟波面数据反演波长对子图长度和资料点数也有类似的要求， 水深反演误差在子图尺度太大时略有增大， 随资料分辨率降低也略有增大.

关键词： 复Morlet小波； 海浪波长反演； 水深反演； 仿真分析

中图分类号： P714 文献标志码： A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.04.015

Simulation analysis for remote sensing inversion of ocean wavelength and water depth by the Complex Morlet Wavelet method

CHENG Shanling1， ZHU Shouxian1， ZHANG Gui2， ZHANG Wenjing3

（1. College of Oceanography， Hohai University， Nanjing 210098， China； 2. Department of Basic Engineering， Army University of Engineering， Nanjing 211101， China； 3. College of Meteorology and Oceanography， National University of Defense Technology， Nanjing 211101， China）

Abstract： Using the wave-shaped features of remote sensing images， the wavelength of ocean waves can be determined based on the wavelet method. Shallow water depths can then be estimated from the wavelength because the wavelength becomes shorter as the water depth decreases. In this paper， remote sensing data were replaced by ideal elevation data， and numerical simulation data were used to study the performance of the Complex Morlet Wavelet method in estimating wavelength and water depth. In particular， the effects of data resolution and sub-image size on water depth estimation were explored. The results from the ideal elevation data shows that： when the wavelength has no spatial change and the size of the sub-image is greater than the wavelength， the data resolution has no substantial effect on the wavelength estimation if there are more than nine evenly distributed data grids in one image. This phenomenon can be explained by the wavelength-energy spectrum. When the wavelength changes spatially， accurate estimation of the wavelength requires that the sub-image size is larger than twice the wavelength and there are four data grids in one wavelength. The estimation of wavelength by numerical simulated data requires a similar size for sub-images and the data number. The error of water depth estimation increases slightly if the sub-image size is too large， and also increases slightly as the resolution of the data decreases.

Keywords： Complex Morlet Wavelet method； wavelength inversion； water depth inversion； simulation analysis

0 引 言

浅海水深数据是环境治理、资源开发利用、船舶航行、登岛作战等需要的重要基础地理信息. 如何准确、高效地获取浅海水深数据是海洋测绘研究的重要内容[1]. 传统的水深测量方法主要采用船载声呐方式， 具有精度高的特点， 但是需要耗费大量的人力物力， 尤其是对于一些备受争议或地处偏远而无法进入的海域， 勘测工作无法进行， 水深资料也难以获得.

近年来……