上海环城绿带水体水质与土地利用结构的响应研究
2021-09-05陈体达崔丹袁育鑫刘佳敏黄民生李莹
陈体达 崔丹 袁育鑫 刘佳敏 黄民生 李莹



摘要: 选取了上海环城绿带中30个水体, 以现场实测数据和解译的缓冲区土地利用类型为基础, 综合运用马尔科夫转移矩阵和相关性分析, 揭示了环城绿带的土地利用变化规律及其与水质的响应关系. 结果显示:绿带水体历年以Ⅳ类—劣Ⅴ类为主, 劣Ⅴ类水体占比呈逐年下降的趋势; 缓冲区内以建设用地、林地和草地为主, 三者合计占比约84.37%; 以建设用地的减少和裸地增加为主, 两者分别占总减少面积的48.95%和总增加面积的50.85%; 在300 m缓冲区尺度上, 草地对DO、Chla呈现正效应; 在500 m尺度上, 裸地是引起CODMn恶化的主要因素, 而耕地在两个尺度均与多个污染指标呈正相关.
关键词: 环城绿带; 内梅罗指数法; 马尔科夫转移矩阵; 土地利用变化
中图分类号: X522 文献标志码: A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.04.010
Changes in water quality and land use structure in the green-belt area around Shanghai
CHEN Tida1,2,3,4, CUI Dan1,2,3,4, YUAN Yuxin1,2,3,4, LIU Jiamin1,2,3,4, HUANG Minsheng1,2,3,4, Li Ying1,2,3,4
(1. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; 2. Institute of EcoChongming, Shanghai 202162, China; 3. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China; 4. Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial EcoRestoration in Metropolitan Area (Ministry of Natural Resources), Shanghai 200062, China)
Abstract: In this paper, we study land use change and its effects on water quality for 30 water bodies in the green-belt area of Shanghai; the analysis is based on the Markov transfer matrix and Pearson correlation analysis of field data and interpreted land use types. The results show that: the water quality is dominated by Grade Ⅳ and lower Grade Ⅴ; the proportion of water bodies with lower Grade Ⅴ is decreasing year by year; the buffer zone is dominated by construction land, forest, and grassland, with a total proportion of about 84.37%; the increase in construction land and decrease in bare land, accounted for 48.95% of the total reduced area and 50.85% of the total increased area, respectively; on the 300 m buffer scale, grassland had a positive effect on DO and Chla; on the 500 m scale, bare land was the main factor for CODMn deterioration; and cultivated land was positively correlated with multiple pollution indicators at two scales.
Keywords: green-belt around the city; Nemero index method; Markov transition matrix; land use change
0 引 言
城市的發展改变着人类的生产方式, 同时也深刻影响着土地的利用方式, 改变了自然水文过程.例如, 不透水面积的增加, 土壤-植被协同削减径流污染这一效应无法得到有效体现, 导致径流裹挟着大量地表污染物进入水体造成污染[1-2]. 流域内自然植被的消失、农业用地和建设用地的增加是非点源污染的主要来源, 且两者具有相同的负面效果[3]. 此外, 土地与水体在某些时候会表现为竞争关系, 这主要表现在对土地的开发利用与水体保护之间的矛盾, 由此带来水体被填埋、隔断等诸多问题, 失去了水体的自然肌理, 水体反过来侵蚀土地, 进一步加剧了水……