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太浦河金泽水源地岸带结构及其环境资源状况调查研究

2021-09-05刘畅俞博文曹承进黄民生汪星王迪芳查阳李梦茁都皓辰

华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) 2021年4期

刘畅 俞博文 曹承进 黄民生 汪星 王迪芳 查阳 李梦茁 都皓辰

摘要: 以“十三五”國家重大水专项上海市青浦区金泽水源地雨水径流污染防控技术示范区——大莲湖为研究区域, 针对示范区内岸带的类型及坡度、岸带土壤的性质和土著植物的种类进行系统的调研分析, 为后续河岸带地表径流污染阻控技术研发提供基础数据资料支撑. 分析结果表明: 示范区周边主要护岸类型为近自然和硬质护岸, 以缓坡为主; 水生植物和陆生植物分别以荷花、芦苇和草本植物居多. 此外, 研究区采样点中, 临近农田土壤全氮含量平均值在0.95 g/kg上下波动, 高于进水闸附近土壤的0.42 g/kg; 临近居民生活区、鱼塘养殖和农田区的土壤全磷含量多在1.58 g/kg以上, 高于湖岸护坡土壤的1.10 g/kg; 有机质平均含量为11.30 g/kg, 其中植物密布区有机质含量较高, 表明当地的鱼塘养殖业以及农业对土壤环境造成了一定污染.

关键词: 太湖流域; 金泽水源地; 岸带结构; 环境资源调查; 污染防控

中图分类号: X52 文献标志码: A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.04.009

Coastal structure and environmental resources of the Jinze water source area of Taipu River

LIU Chang1,2,3,4, YU Bowen1,2,3,4, CAO Chengjin1,2,3,4, HUANG Minsheng1,2,3,4, WANG Xing5, WANG Difang1,2,4, ZHA Yang1,2,3,4, LI Mengzhuo1,2,3,4, DU Haochen1,2,3,4

(1. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; 2. Institute of EcoChongming, Shanghai 202162, China; 3. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China; 4. Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial EcoRestoration in Metropolitan Area (Ministry of Natural Resources), Shanghai 200062, China; 5. Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)

Abstract: In this paper, we consider the rainwater runoff prevention and control technology demonstration area of the Jinze water source area in Qingpu District, Shanghai - Dalian Lake; the research area is a national major water project from the “13th Five-Year Plan”. Our study includes systematic research analysis on the type and slope of the riparian zone, the nature of the riparian soil, and the species of indigenous plants in the demonstration area; the study provides essential data to support subsequent research on the use of experimental rainwater gradient control technology in the riparian zone. The analysis shows that the riparian zone in the demonstration area is comprised of near-natural and rigid riparian, with gentle slopes. The aquatic and terrestrial plants in the zone with the largest population include lotus, reed, and herbaceous plants, respectively. Among the sampling sites in the study area, the average total nitrogen content of the soil in the adjacent farmland fluctuated around 0.95 g/kg, while the soil near the inlet gate was measured at 0.42 g/kg. The total phosphorus content of the soil in the adjacent residential living area, fish pond culture, and farmland area was more than 1.58 g/kg, while the soil at the lakeshore berm was measured at 1.10 g/kg. The average organic matter content was 11.30 g/kg, with higher values recorded in the densely planted area. These results confirm that local fishpond farming and agriculture have contributed to pollution of the soil environment.

Keywords: Taihu Lake Basin; Jinze water source; shoreland structure; environmental resource survey; pollution prevention and control

0 引 言

河流、湖泊等水域的岸带是保证水质安全的一个重要屏障, 岸带的要素包括护岸类型、坡度、植物、土壤和微生物等. 护岸类型主要有自然护岸、硬质护岸、近自然护岸和人工生态护岸等. 其中自然护岸是经过时间推移河岸带自然形成的护岸形式, 主要依靠植物和微生物净化水质, 但自然护岸无法阻挡洪涝灾害和固坡防洪, 尤其是在城市地区; 硬质护岸则改善了这一缺点, 能够有效固坡和防冲刷,但硬质护岸将水生与陆生环境隔绝开来, 使二者之间无法正常进行交流, 进而破坏了水体生境, 造成水体富营养化、黑臭等现象[1];……

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