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太浦河金泽水源地大莲湖示范区水系水环境状况调查研究

2021-09-05查阳王迪芳曹承进黄民生汪星俞博文刘畅都皓辰李梦茁

华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) 2021年4期

查阳 王迪芳 曹承进 黄民生 汪星 俞博文 刘畅 都皓辰 李梦茁

摘要: 以大蓮湖为研究对象, 以大莲湖周边水体的水文、水质的调查数据为依据, 研究了大莲湖示范区水系水环境现状以及地表径流污染情况. 结果表明, 金泽水源地水质大部分能够满足地表水Ⅲ类水标准, 但部分指标存在季节性差异, 使得金泽水源地水质总体上不能稳定达标. 大莲湖示范区周围水体多为缓流水体(流速0 ~ 0.03 m/s), 透明度较低, 水体呈中性偏弱碱性(pH = 6.63 ~ 9.67), 易生成水华. 各个采样点氮磷营养盐污染较为严重, 且季节性差异明显, 春夏季水质较好(Ⅱ类—Ⅲ类)、秋冬部分水体在某些时间段呈现Ⅴ类水. 大莲湖示范区雨水径流浓度有明显的初期效应, 各下垫面氮磷的平均浓度远高于地表水Ⅴ类标准, 污染较为严重.

关键词: 太湖流域; 金泽水库; 饮用水源地; 水环境污染; 面源污染

中图分类号: X52 文献标志码: A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.04.008

Investigation of the environmental status of water at the Dalian Lake demonstration area in the Jinze water source area of Taipu River

ZHA Yang1,2,3,4, WANG Difang1,2,4, CAO Chengjin1,2,3,4, HUANG Minsheng1,2,3,4, WANG Xing5, YU Bowen1,2,3,4, LIU Chang1,2,3,4, DU Haochen1,2,3,4, LI Mengzhuo1,2,3,4

(1. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; 2. Institute of EcoChongming, Shanghai 202162, China; 3. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China; 4. Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial EcoRestoration in Metropolitan Area (Ministry of Natural Resources), Shanghai 200062, China; 5. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)

Abstract: In this paper, we use hydrology and water quality survey data around Dalian Lake to assess the environmental status of the water and surface runoff pollution in the Dalian Lake demonstration area. The results show that the water quality of the Jinze water source can largely satisfy class Ⅲ standards for surface water; however, given seasonal differences for some indicators, the water quality of the Jinze water source fails to meet the standard on a consistent basis. The water body surrounding the Dalian Lake demonstration area is predominantly slow flow (flow rate: 0 - 0.03 m/s), with low transparency and neutral or slightly alkaline water (pH = 6.63 - 9.67); these conditions render the area susceptible to forming water bloom. Pollution from nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients at each sampling point was significant, and seasonal differences were noticeable; the water quality in spring and summer is generally better (classⅡ—Ⅲ), and some water bodies meet class Ⅴ standards in autumn and winter. The concentration of rainwater runoff in the Dalian Lake demonstration area has a noticeable initial effect. The average concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the underlying water is higher than the class Ⅴ standard for surface water, and the pollution is likewise more significant.

Keywords: Taihu Lake Basin; Jinze reservoir; drinking water source; water environmental pollution; non-point source pollution

0 引 言

金泽水库是除陈行、青草沙、黄浦江上游之外的上海市第四大饮用水源地, 可为上海市西南五区提供更清洁的原水, 是上海市落实“两江并举、多源互补”的水资源规划格局、实现上海市西南五区集约化供水的重要举措[1]. 目前, 金泽水源地水质大部分能够满足地表水Ⅲ类水标准, 但部分指标在汛期会超标, 使得金泽水源地水质总体上不能稳定达标. 2000年—2016年的监测表明, 取水口附近断面的溶解氧达标率约60%, 氨氮达标率78%, 总磷达标率为86%, 且受季节性影响较大[2]. 因此, 亟须针对金泽水源地水……

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