城市河道沉积物溶解性有机质特征及其对反硝化过程的影响研究
2021-09-05翁蕊韦政杨燕梅韩静何岩黄民生
翁蕊 韦政 杨燕梅 韩静 何岩 黄民生



摘要: 為了解决城市河道治理过程中氮营养盐去除难题, 城市河道体系中溶解性有机质 (DOM) 对反硝化过程的影响作用值得重视. 研究表明, 河道沉积物中DOM的腐殖化程度较低、芳香性弱, 以小分子的富里酸为主, 其浓度平均为 (1 868.5 ± 63.2) mg/kg. 与空白组相比, DOM可以促进反硝化过程, 对TN和NO3–-N去除率分别提升了7.24% ± 0.36%和23.52% ± 1.17%, 而DOM协同乙酸盐组对TN和NO3–-N的去除效果更好, 分别可以达到74.48% ± 1.29%和98.62% ± 0.07%. 微生物分析表明, DOM组的菌群多样性和丰富度均高于空白组, 但其中的异养反硝化菌属Pseudomonas和Brevundimonas以及nirK型反硝化菌属Paracoccus的丰度均低于DOM协同乙酸盐组. 此外, DOM运行体系中NH4+-N浓度维持较高的水平 (大于3.7 mg/L), 而且含有DOM体系中与异化硝酸盐还原成铵 (DNRA) 功能相关的厌氧粘细菌(Anaeromyxobacter), 其相对丰度明显增加, 推测DOM在促进反硝化的同时诱导了DNRA过程的发生.
关键词: 城市河道; 溶解性有机质; 反硝化; 富里酸; 异化硝酸盐还原成铵
中图分类号: X522 文献标志码: A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.04.006
Characteristics of dissolved organic matter and its effects on denitrification in urban river sediments
WENG Rui1,2,3,4, WEI Zheng1,2,3,4, YANG Yanmei1,2,3,4, HAN Jing1,2,3,4, HE Yan1,2,3,4, HUANG Minsheng1,2,3,4
(1. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; 2. Institute of EcoChongming, Shanghai 202162, China; 3. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China; 4. Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial EcoRestoration in Metropolitan Area (Ministry of Natural Resources), Shanghai 200062, China)
Abstract: Understanding the impact of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the denitrification process is critical to addressing the challenges associated with nitrogen removal in urban river treatment. In this paper, we show that DOM in urban rivers are mainly comprised of small-molecule fulvic acids. The humic acid content and aromaticity of the DOM, moreover, were found to be low. Compared with the control case, DOM can promote the denitrification process; specifically, the removal efficiency of TN and NO3–-N in the DOM-added group increased by 7.24% ± 0.36% and 23.52% ± 1.17%, respectively. DOM with an acetate group had an even better effect on the removal of TN and NO3–-N, reaching 74.48% ± 1.29% and 98.62% ± 0.07%, respectively. Microbiological analysis showed that the DOM-added group can significantly increase the diversity and richness of the bacteria community compared with the control case. However, the relative abundance of the heterotrophic denitrifiers Pseudomonas and Brevundimonas as well as the nirKtype denitrifier Paracoccus in the DOM-added group was less than that of the DOM with an acetate group. Additionally, a relatively high concentration of NH4+-N (> 3.7 mg/L) was observed in the DOM-added group. The addition of DOM can significantly increase the relative abundance of Anaeromyxobacter related to dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) functional genes. It is speculated that DOM promotes the denitrification process and induces the DNRA process simultaneously.
Keywords: urban river; dissolved organic matter; denitrification; fulvic acid; dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium
0 引 言
近年来, 随着城市黑臭河道整治工作的相继开展, 水质的黑臭现象逐步得到缓解, 水质也得到了极大改善, 但治理过程中氮营养盐难以去除的问题逐渐凸显[1]. 反硝化被认为是氮的生物地球化学循环中的关键环节, 也是削减河道沉积物内源氮负荷的重要途径. 溶解性有机质 (DOM) 作为沉积物中活跃的组成部分[2], 在氮素迁移转化过程中的作用日益受到重视.
然而, 当前的研究主要集中在污水处理系统[3]及地下水系统[4]中DOM对反硝化过程的影响, 对于……