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太湖流域工业点源排污许可管理技术集成与应用研究

2021-09-05国晓春韩镇阳卢少勇郑丙辉田泽斌

华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) 2021年4期

国晓春 韩镇阳 卢少勇 郑丙辉 田泽斌

摘要: 梳理了國内外排污许可制度的发展历程, 分析总结了国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(简称“水专项”)实施初期太湖流域排污许可管理体系存在的问题和科技需求. 根据对“十一五”、“十二五”水专项太湖技术成果的梳理总结, 从控制单元划分、控制单元污染负荷核定、控制单元水环境容量核算、重点行业水污染控制与治理技术评估、排污许可量分配和证后动态监管角度集成形成工业点源排污许可管理成套技术. 同时阐释了成套技术在太湖流域的应用成效, 以期为太湖流域排污许可管理制度的实施提供经验和借鉴.

关键词: 水专项; 太湖流域; 控制单元; 排污许可量分配; 排污许可管理; 技术集成应用

中图分类号: X524 文献标志码: A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641. 2021.04.005

Research on the integration and application of industrial point source emission permit management technology in Taihu Basin

GUO Xiaochun1,2,3,4, HAN Zhenyang1,2,3,4, LU Shaoyong1,2,3,4, ZHENG Binghui1,2,3,4, TIAN Zebin1,2,3,4

(1. National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; 2. Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Agency for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; 4. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)

Abstract: In this paper, we provide an overview of the development of emission permit systems domestically and globally, and analyze the problems and technology requirements for an emission permit management system at the initial stage of the National Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (referred to hereinafter as the “Water Program”) in the Taihu Basin.Based on a summary of technical achievements from the 11th and 12th Five-Year Plans for the Taihu Basin Water Program, a comprehensive set of industrial point source emission permit management technology methods was developed for unit division, control unit pollution load verification, control unit water environmental capacity calculation, assessment of water pollution control and management for key industries, allocation of emission permits, and dynamic monitoring. Furthermore, the effects of implementing a complete set of technologies in Taihu Lake Basin were explored and will serve as a reference for the implementation of a pollution permit management system.

Keywords: water program; Taihu Basin; control unit; emission permit allocation; emission permit management; technology integration and application

0 引 言

排污许可管理制度是国际通行的一项环境管理基本制度, 旨在控制固定源污染排放. 排污许可管理是指政府以环境保护为目标, 根据区域水环境容量, 通过行政手段对各排污单位排污总量进行限制与分配, 把单个排污者的排污量控制与总量控制和环境改善相挂钩, 落实对排污单位污染物排放的管理和监督. 排污许可管理是环境许可中点源污染排放管理的核心工具, 是削减和控制污染物排放总量、实现水质达标、改善水环境质量、保护水生态健康的重要管理和监督手段[1-3].

排污许可制度在美国等发达国家都已经有了良好的实践[4]. 1972年美国……

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