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浅析财政科研经费管理存在问题及建议

2021-08-24杨海波

杨海波

【摘  要】“十三五”以来,国家在科研资金的使用与管理方面不断改革完善,出台了一系列办法。但企业在具体使用与管理科研经费中仍然存在政策理解不到位、不合理或违规使用的现象。造成宝贵的科技资源重复投入、经费使用效率低,甚至科研经费腐败等问题。鉴于此,论文从多年的科研经费管理实践出发,通过分析问题提出了改进建议。期望论文中粗浅的建议在促进企业提高财政科研经费使用效率、规范科研经费管理方面有借鉴意义。

【Abstract】Since the "13th Five-Year Plan", the state has been constantly reforming and improving the use and management of scientific research funds, and has issued a series of measures. However, in the specific use and management of scientific research funds, enterprises still have the phenomena of inadequate policy understanding, unreasonable or illegal use. It causes the problems of repeated investment of valuable scientific and technological resources, low use efficiency of funds, and even corruption of scientific research funds. In view of this, the paper starts from years of management practice of scientific research funds, and puts forward suggestions for improvement through analysis of problems. It is hoped that the superficial suggestions in the paper will have reference significance in promoting enterprises to improve the use efficiency of state-funded scientific research funds and standardizing the management of scientific research funds.

【關键词】科研项目;财政科研经费;研发课题;研发经费

【Keywords】scientific research projects; state-funded scientific research funds; research and development topics; research and development funds

【中图分类号】F812.45                                             【文献标志码】A                                                 【文章编号】1673-1069(2021)07-0054-03

1 引言

“十三五”以来,我国科技实力和创新能力大幅提升,实现了历史性、整体性、格局性变化,全社会研发投入从2015年的1.42万亿元增长到2020年的2.44万亿元;2020年的研发投入占GDP的比重达到了2.4%,史上最高,总量稳居世界第二。“十四五”规划《纲要草案》中明确提出,全社会研发经费投入年均增长7%以上……这些具体数字背后体现了研发经费投入对提升国家科技进步和创新能力的支撑。对于企业而言,财政科研资金有力地补充了企业研发经费的投入,为企业科技创新提供了有力的支撑。所以提高财政科研资金使用效率意义重大。

2 财政科研经费管理概述

2.1 科研经费的来源及分类

对于企业而言,科研课题按照资金投入或资金来源有3种途径。

第一,企业将自有资金投入用于企业的科学研究与开发形成的科研课题,即企业自主投入的自主研发课题。

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