宾语从句考点梳理（一）

2021-08-21曲永华

初中生学习指导·中考版 2021年7期

曲永华

宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查宾语从句的时态、语序、引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子等。

考点一：宾语从句的引导词

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that没有实在意义，可以省略。如：I am sure （that） he will succeed.

2. 由连接代词who， whom， whose， what， which和连接副词when， where， why， how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。如：Do you know who （whom） they are waiting for？

3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。

典例：（2020·贵州·黔西南州）Jeff asked his students， “Do you know it is important to protect the earth？”（改为间接引语）

Jeff asked his students they it is important to protect the earth.

【解析】一般疑问句改为宾语从句时要用连词if/whether; 当主句的时态是一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态，可知后面用knew。

典例：（2019 · 江苏·淮安）Excuse me， could you tell me ？

A. when he was born B. how far is it from here

C. what does he look like D. where he leaves for yesterday

【解析】根据题意既要考虑引导词的选择，还要考虑语序，排除BC;选项D用一般现在时态，排除D。故A符合语境。

考点二：宾语从句的语序

1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，由连词that引导，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：

He is an honest boy. The teacher said. → The teacher said（that） he was an honest boy.

易错提示：that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。如：It is said that ...（据说……）;It is known that ...（众所周知……）;It is reported that ...（据报告……）等，也可把它们当作固定句式来运用。如：It is said that he is from Canada.

2. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句时，连词用if和whether引导;特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，连词用特殊疑问词引导，语序都要变为陈述语序。

易错提示（1）：一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if，而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。

①与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择，特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。如：I don’ t know whether you will come to my party or not tomorrow.

②在动词不定式之前只能用whether，不用if。如：I can’ t make up my mind whether to go or not.

③在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，不用if。如：It depends on whether I have enough time.

④宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。如：Whether this is true， I can’ t say.

易错提示（2）：当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。

What’s wrong with her？ → He asked the girl what was wrong with her.

What’s the matter？ → He asked the girl what was the matter.

What has happened to him？ → We want to know what has happened to him.

典例：（2020 ·貴州·安顺）The BBC’s documentary Du Fu：China’s Greatest Poet explains

Du’s works have been popular for centuries.