张勇 李传峰 高桂花 马瑜 任强

中圖分类号 R917 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2021）13-1583-06

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.13.08

摘 要 目的：建立半夏野生品和栽培品中8种核苷类成分含量测定的方法，并进行两者的差异分析。方法：采用高效液相色谱法测定20批半夏药材（野生品YS1～YS8、栽培品ZP1～ZP12）中尿嘧啶、尿苷、肌苷、黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤、鸟苷、β-胸苷和腺苷的含量;以上述8种核苷类成分含量为基础，采用聚类分析、主成分分析（PCA）、偏最小二乘法-判别分析（OPLS-DA）等化学模式识别法对半夏野生品和栽培品进行综合评价。结果：20批半夏药材中尿嘧啶、黄嘌呤、尿苷、肌苷、腺嘌呤、鸟苷、β-胸苷和腺苷的含量分别为0.02～0.24、0.01～0.24、0.06～0.37、0.02～0.14、0.04～0.22、0.14～0.42、0.01～0.09、0～0.32 mg/g。经聚类分析、PCA和OPLS-DA发现，8批野生品（YS1～YS8）聚为一类，12批栽培品（ZP1～ZP12）聚为一类;半夏野生品的主要特征标志物为鸟苷、尿苷、腺苷、腺嘌呤，半夏栽培品的主要特征标志物为尿嘧啶、黄嘌呤、肌苷、β-胸苷。结论：建立了半夏药材中8种核苷类成分的含量测定方法;以核苷类成分为质量标志物可有效区分半夏野生品和栽培品，且野生品质量优于栽培品。

关键词 半夏;野生品;栽培品;核苷类;含量测定;化学模式识别法

Method Establishment for Content Determination of 8 Nucleosides in Wild and Cultivated Pinellia ternata and the Difference Analysis

ZHANG Yong，LI Chuanfeng，GAO Guihua，MA Yu，REN Qiang（School of Pharmacy， Jining Medical University， Shandong Rizhao 276826， China）

ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE： To establish the method for the content determination of 8 nucleosides in wild and cultivated Pinellia ternate， and to conduct the difference analysis. METHODS： The contents of uracil， uridine， inosine， xanthine， adenine， guanosine， β-thymidine and adenosine in 20 batches of P. ternate （wild product YS1-YS8， cultivated product ZP1-ZP12） were determined by HPLC method. Based on the contents of the above 8 nucleosides， cluster analysis， principal component analysis （PCA）， partial least squares analysis （OPLS-DA） were used to comprehensively evaluate the wild and cultivated P. ternata. RESULTS： The contents of uracil， uridine， inosine， xanthine， adenine， guanosine， β-thymidine and adenosine in 20 batches of P. ternate were 0.02-0.24， 0.01-0.24， 0.06-0.37， 0.02-0.14， 0.04-0.22， 0.14-0.42， 0.01-0.09， 0-0.32 mg/g， respectively. Cluster analysis， PCA and OPLS-DA showed that 8 batches of wild P. ternate （YS1-YS8） were clustered into one category， and 12 batches of cultivated P. ternate （ZP1-ZP12） were clustered into one category. Main characteristic markers of wild P. ternate were guanosine， uridine， adenosine and adenine， while the main characteristic markers of cultivated P. ternate were urinine， xanthine， inosine， and β-thymidine. CONCLUSIONS： The method for the content determination of 8 nucleosides in P. ternate is established. Nucleosides as quality markers can effectively distinguish wild and cultivated P. ternata， and the quality of the wild P. ternate was better than that of cultivated P. ternate.

KEYWORDS   Pinellia ternata; Wild product; Cultivated product; Nucleoside; Content determination; Chemical pattern recognition

半夏是天南星科多年生草本植物半夏Pinellia ternata（Thunb.）Breit.的干燥块茎，其性温味辛、有小毒，具有止咳、平喘、止吐、抗炎等多种药理作用[1-4]。目前，半夏主要分布在四川、甘肃、山东、贵州、湖南、湖北等地[5];其主要化学成分包括核苷类、生物碱类、有机酸类、甾醇类成分及挥发油等[6-10]。随着人类社会的不断拓展，野生半夏资源被无计划、掠夺性地采挖，造成野生半夏资源锐减，已经无法满足市场的大量需求，使栽培品种成为市场上主要商品[11]。……