李淑娣

英语中的语态可以分为主动语态和被动语态两种，这是根据主语和谓语动词之间的关系来划分的。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词就用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者，就用被动语态。被动语态的构成形式是“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”，其中be的形式变化同系动词be。因此，要做好被动语态试题除了掌握被动语态的基本含义、基本构成之外，一定要注意与时态的联系，并注意将动词的用法放在具体的语言环境中加以掌握。本文就近年高考对被动语态（同时结合各种时态）的考查，做一简单的分类分析，希望能对同学们有所帮助。

一、 与现在时态的联合考查

【考例1】 With   more   forests   being

destroyed， huge quantities of good earth _  _ each year.

A. is washing away

B. is being washed away

C. are washing away

D. are being washed away

析：D。本题考查了两个知识点。其一是主谓一致：根据quantity的用法，可排除 A、B项;其二考查了语态，土壤是被冲走的，故选择D。

【考例2】 The number of deaths from

heart disease will be reduced greatly if people

___ to eat more fruit and vegetables.

A. persuade           B. will persuade

C. be persuaded      D. are persuaded

析：D。当主句的时态为将来时态时，if引导的条件状语从句中的时态要用一般现在时态;people 是被劝说的，要用被动语态，故答案为D。

二、 與将来时态的联合考查

【考例3】—Dont you think it necessary that he ___ to Miami but to New York？

—I agree， but the problem is ___ he has refused to.

A. will not be sent; that

B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what

D. should not sent; what

析：B。it necessary that 跟虚拟语气，且根据句意应该用被动语态“被送往Miami”，第二个空填that，引导表语从句。

三、 与过去时态的联合考查

【考例4】 The heros  story ___ differently in the newspapers.

A. was reported B. was reporting

C. reports             D. reported

析：A。此题考查动词的时态和语态问题。主语story 和谓语动词report 之间存在被动关系。

【考例5】—Why did you leave that position？

—I ___ a better position at IBM.

A. offer           B. offered

C. am offered        D. was offered析：D。offer 意为“提供”，显然I是被IBM 提供了工作并且事情发生在过去，因此D项正确。

【考例6】 More than a dozen students in that school ___ abroad to study medicine last year.

A. sent                 B. were sent

C. had sent            D. had been sent

析：B。根据句子的时间标志来看，时态应用过去时，句子表达被动意思，故答案为B。

四、 与完成时态的联合考查

【考例7】___ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.

A. Being separated   B. Having separated

C. Having been separated

D. To be separated

析：C。这里用动词separate的完成被动形式作原因状语。……