V-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
2021-08-14程亚芳
程亚芳
一、V-ing形式作宾语补足语
【知识清单】
1. 在see, hear, feel, watch, notice, hear等感官动词后和catch, find, have, keep, leave等动词之后可以用V-ing 形式作宾语补足语。这时V-ing形式和句子宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,并且V-ing形式表示正在进行的动作。如:
I could feel the wind blowing on my face. 我能感到风迎面吹来。
When the teacher caught the boy student cheating in the exam, he made him go out. 发现这个男学生正在作弊,老师让他出去了。
The two cheats had the lights burning all the night. 两个骗子让灯亮了一个晚上。
2. 以上结构中有很多可变为被动形式。如:
He was found / spotted / caught lying on the ground. 有人发现他躺在地上。
The papers were left lying around. 文件散落一地。
3. 动词不定式和V-ing形式作宾语补足语的区别。
在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后,既可用V-ing形式作宾语补足语,也可用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,两者之间有一定的区别。用V-ing形式时,表示动作正在进行;用动词不定式时,表示动作的全过程。如:
Do you hear someone knocking at the door? 你听见有人正在敲门吗?(表动作)
Do you hear someone knock at the door? 你听见有人敲门了吗?(表全过程)
注意:表全过程时变被动时加to。(see sb. do—sb. be seen to do)
二、V-ing形式作状语
【知识清单】
V-ing形式可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随状况。其基本句型:V-ing短语+主语+谓语+句子的其他成分。如:
Having worked for four hours, she stopped to have her meal. (时间)她干了四个小时后停下来吃饭。
Exercising every morning, you will improve your health. (条件)如果每天做早操,你的健康会好转。
Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired. (让步)尽管成绩是巨大的,但仍然有一些要求改进的东西。
They began to build their dreams, eventually making them a reality. (结果)他们开始构建梦想,最终将梦想变成现实。
We spend most of our waking hours communicating. (方式)我们清醒时的大部分时间都在交流。
Having no interest in the topic, he didnt go to the lecture. (原因)由于對这个话题没兴趣,他没去参加讲座。
We were sitting by the window, talking about what happened yesterday. (伴随)我们坐在窗户边,谈论着昨天发生的事。
【温馨提示】
1. V-ing形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语是句子的主语。如果主语不一致,保留各自的主语。……
