V-ing形式作定语和表语
2021-08-14王振祥
王振祥
动词V-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语以及状语。今天我们主要研讨一下其作定语和表语的用法:
一、V-ing形式作定语
1. 单个的动词V-ing形式作定语,通常位于所修饰词之前。例如:
boiling water, the rising sun, the surprising news, the moving blackboard
Which class does the shouting boy come from? 那个大喊大叫的男孩来自哪个班?
2. 由动词V-ing形式构成的短语作定语,只能位于所修饰词之后。例如:
Who is the girl following our English teacher all the way? 一直跟在我们英语老师身后的那个女孩是谁?
The boy having seen the accident said that the car knocked the man off his bike. 看见事故的那个男孩说那辆车把那个人从自行车上撞落下来。
现在分词作定语,相当于定语从句的省略,上述三句可补全如下:
Which class does the boy that is shouting come from?
Who is the girl that followed our English teacher all the way?
The boy who had seen the accident said that the car knocked the man off his bike.
3. V-ing形式作定语,还可表示所修饰词语的用途,可换用for表示。例如:
a sleeping car = a car for sleeping 卧铺车厢
a sleeping pill = a pill for sleeping 安眠药丸
a walking stick = a stick for walking 拐杖
a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 游泳池
当然,V-ing形式作定语更多的时候说明的是所修饰词的性质、特征、所处的状态等。例如:
a sleeping dog = a dog that is sleeping正在睡觉的狗
a walking man = a man who is walking正在走路的男子
4. 另外,V-ing形式作定语时,容易和V-ed分词发生错用。V-ing形式有“主动”或“进行中”之意,V-ed分词则表示“被动”或“已完成”。试比较如下:
She is the student representing her school to attend the conference. (表示主动) 她是代表她学校参会的那个学生。
I think youd agree hes a respected columnist. (表示被动) 我想你得承认他是个备受尊敬的专栏作家。
You cant drink boiling water. You can drink boiled water. 你不能饮用滚烫的水,你可以饮用(凉)开水。(V-ing形式表进行中,V-ed分词表已完成)
二、V-ing形式作表语
V-ing形式作表语可分两种情况:1. 相当于形容词;2. 相当于名词。例如:
English is quite interesting. (interesting相当于形容词)
Her job is teaching English. (teaching English相当于名词)
第一种情况,应注意其与过去分词的区别。V-ing形式表示“主动”之意,V-ed分词则表示“被动”。试比较如下:
This news is really disappointing. We are all disappointed at the news. 这个消息真地很令人失望。我们对这个消息都很失望。(V-ing形式表主动,V-ed分词表被动)
第二种情况易与进行时结构相混,可从以下两个方面予以区别:……p>
