聚焦反义疑问句
2021-08-14隋晓冉
隋晓冉
1. 反义疑问句的基本形式
常见的反义疑问句分为前肯后否和前否后肯两种形式,即如果陈述部分是肯定结构,反义疑问句部分就用否定结构,反之亦然。附加问句部分所用代词要与前句主语一致,谓语动词在人称,数和时态上也要与前句保持一致。如:
He goes to work on foot, doesnt he?
2. 附加问句部分主语及谓语的确定
附加问句部分主语与谓语的确定应以陈述部分的主语和谓语为依据,尤其要注意一些特殊的情况。同时,附加问句部分的主语一般应用人称代词,而动词部分若为否定形式,则一般应用缩略形式。
(1) 当陈述部分的主语为this, that,则用it;当陈述部分的主语为these,those时,则用they。如:
This is a green jeep, isnt it?
Those arent banana trees, are they?
(2) 当陈述部分为I am形式时, 附加问句用arent I。如:
Im right, arent I?
(3) 当陈述部分是there be结构时,附加问句用be there。如:
There was an English film yesterday, wasnt there?
(4) 当陈述部分有never, seldom, no, few, little, nothing, nobody, hardly, none, too... to...等表示否定意义的词或短语时,附加问句部分用肯定形式。如:
He seldom goes to the cinema, does he?
(5) 如果陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的由前词缀或后缀构成的词如dislike, unfair, unhappy, careless, unlike, impossible, impolite, impossible等时,附加问句部分仍要使用否定形式。如:
She dislikes the idea, doesnt she?
Its unfair, isnt it?
(6) 主语是不定代词的反义疑问句
①当陈述部分的主语为everything, nothing, anything, something等指事/物的不定代词时,附加问句主语用it, 而不用they。如:
Everything is in good order, isnt it?
②当陈述部分中的主语为everybody, everyone, anyone, nobody, none, no one等指人的不定代词时,附加问句部分的主语通常用they或he代替。如:
Somebody wants to see you, doesnt he / dont they?
(7) 当陈述部分动词为have / has时有下列几种情况:
① have为实意动词,表示“有”时,其附加问句部分可以用have,也可用do。如:
Jim has a new radio, doesnt he / hasnt he?
② have為实意动词,表示“吃,喝,玩,度过”等意思时,附加问句部分用do。如:
All of the students had a nice time, didnt they?
③ have to表示“不得不,必须”时,附加问句部分用do。如:
Kate has to help his father on the farm, doesnt she?
④ had better表示“最好”, 附加问句部分用had。如:
Wed better not tell her about that, had we?
(8) 当陈述部分有need时,如need为行为动词,附加问句部分用do;若need用作情态动词,则用need。……
