张小红 鄢铮

摘 要：为了筛选环保又增产的覆盖材料，选用4个甘薯品种（榕薯756、榕薯910、榕薯109、榕薯819）与4种覆盖物（稻草、黑色防草无纺布、液态膜、菇渣），采用二因素随机区组设计，比较不同覆盖材料对不同品种甘薯鲜薯和薯干产量的影响。结果表明：榕薯910覆盖黑色防草无纺布或稻草的鲜薯产量最高，榕薯109覆盖稻草、榕薯756覆盖黑色防草無纺布、榕薯819覆盖黑色防草无纺布的鲜薯产量较高。榕薯819覆盖黑色防草无纺布或稻草可获得较高的薯干产量，榕薯756覆盖黑色防草无纺布、榕薯109覆盖稻草或黑色防草无纺布、榕薯910覆盖黑色防草无纺布的薯干产量均较高。试验明确了4种甘薯各自适宜的环保覆盖材料，可为绿色甘薯高效栽培体系的建立提供一定技术指导。

关键词：甘薯;覆盖物;鲜薯产量;薯干产量

中图分类号：S 531   文献标志码：A   文章编号：0253-2301（2021）05-0045-05

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.05.009

Effects of Four Kinds of Mulch on Fresh Potato Yield and Dried Potato Yield of Sweet Potatoes

ZHANG Xiao-hong， YAN Zheng

（Fuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences， Fuzhou， Fujian 350018， China）

Abstract： In order to screen out the covering materials that were environmentally friendly and could increase the production， by selecting the four varieties of sweet potato （Rongshu 756， Rongshu 910， Rongshu 109， and Rongshu 819） and four kinds of mulch （straw， black anti-grass non-woven fabrics， liquid film， and mushroom residue）， the two-factor random group design was used to compare the effects of different covering materials on the yield of fresh potatoes and dried potatoes of different varieties. The results showed that： Rongshu 910 covered with black anti-grass non-woven fabrics or straw had the highest yield of fresh potatoes. Rongshu 109 covered with straw， Rongshu 756 covered with black anti-grass non-woven fabrics and Rongshu 819 covered with black anti-grass non-woven fabrics could obtain higher yield of fresh potatoes. Rongshu 819 covered with black anti-grass non-woven fabrics or straw could obtain higher yield of dried potatoes. Rongshu 756 covered with black anti-grass non-woven fabrics， Rongshu 109 covered with straw or black anti-grass non-woven fabrics， and Rongshu 910 covered with black anti-grass non-woven fabrics could all obtain higher yield of dried potatoes. This experiment identified the appropriate environmentally-friendly covering materials suitable for the four kinds of sweet potatoes， which could provide some technical guidance for the establishment of an efficient cultivation system of green sweet potatoes.

Key words： Sweet potato;Mulch;Yield of fresh potato;Yield of dried potato

甘薯是福建省的第二大粮食作物，主要种植在闽南、闽东和闽西[1]，对福建省农业产业的发展有着举足轻重的作用。甘薯因具有多种保健功能，需求量日益上升。栽培过程中，如何提高甘薯鲜薯和薯干产量一直是科技人员研究的重点。覆膜栽培是提高甘薯鲜薯和薯干产量的有效方式，在甘薯生产上已有广泛应用[2-4]。然而由于普通聚乙烯地膜的高分子聚合性，在土壤中难以自然降解，易对环境造成“白色污染”，严重阻碍了我国甘薯产业的可持续发展[5]。为此，本研究利用环保可降解材料进行覆盖栽培，探讨4种覆盖物对甘薯产量的影响，以期筛选出既有利于甘薯增产又对环境友好的覆盖材料用于甘薯生产上使用。……