张琦 姚家新

摘 要：采用文獻资料法，对2015—2019年体育学博士论文的研究范式进行深入分析，得出混合研究范式具有突起之势，是体育教育训练学、体育人文社会学和体育管理学论文中占比最高的研究范式。借鉴国内外不同学科混合研究范式的研究成果及近5年本学科博士论文研究范式实际使用情况，归纳出混合研究的适用情境：（1）提高对复杂性研究问题的解释力;（2）开发新的测量工具实现数据验证;（3）定量降维为质性深入探讨做准备;（4）提升小群体研究成果的可转换性。并提炼出混合研究多元借鉴适用设计模型：（1）同步三角校验设计;（2）异步嵌入式设计;（3）异步解释式设计;（4）异步探索式设计。混合研究应用存在的问题：（1）缺少明晰的研究设计及描述;（2）谋求理论发展的源动力不足;（3）缺少对研究成果的严谨整合;（4）难于把握推论质量评价标准。混合研究为体育学科开辟了一个全新的科研格局，促进了不同认识论、方法论及具体技术的辩证结合，同时也提出了诸如更高的方法素养要求、难以避免的信息损耗、方法的自限性问题以及对阶段性矛盾结果的处理等问题。研究者应增加对混合方法研究理论的认识水平并提高实际应用能力，从方法论及实践层面同时提升该研究范式在体育学领域的严谨性和普及性。

关键词：研究范式;博士论文;混合研究;适用情境;设计模型

中图分类号：G80-3   文献标识码：A  文章编号：1006-2076（2021）02-0062-09

Abstract：By using the method of literature， this study makes an in-depth analysis of the research paradigm of doctoral dissertations in physical education from 2015 to 2019. It is concluded that the mixed research paradigm has a prominent trend and is of the highest proportion of research paradigms in sports education and training， sports humanities and sociology and sports management. Drawing on the research results of the mixed research paradigm of different disciplines at home and abroad and the actual application of the research paradigm of doctoral dissertations in this discipline in the past five years， the applicable situations of mixed research are summarized as follows： （1） Improving the explanatory power of complexity research issues; （2） Developing new measurement tools for data validation; （3） Quantitative dimension reduction prepares for in-depth qualitative discussion; （4） Improving the convertibility of small group research results. The multi-reference design model of hybrid research has been extracted： （1） Synchronous triangle calibration design ; （2） Asynchronous embedded design; （3） Asynchronous explanatory design; （4） Asynchronous exploratory design. And applicable problems of the mixed research application are summarized： （1） Lack of clear research design and description; （2） Lack of motivation for theoretical development; （3） Lack of rigorous integration of research results; （4） Difficult to grasp the evaluation standard of inference quality. Mixed research has opened up a new scientific research pattern for sports discipline， and promoted the dialectical combination of different epistemology， methodology and specific technology. At the same time， it also put forward such problems as higher methodological literacy requirements， unavoidable information loss， self-limitation of methods and the treatment of periodic contradictory results. The author believes that researchers should deepen their understanding of the mixed method research theory and improve their practical application ability， and increase the preciseness and popularity of this research paradigm in the field of sports science at the methodological and practical levels.

Key words：research paradigm; doctoral thesis; mixed research; applicable situation; design model

科学史表明，任何优秀科研成果的取得都依赖于正确的研究方法，没有研究方法就没有科学[1]。……