刘青丽 邹焱 蒋雨洲 朱经伟 张云贵 石俊雄 李志宏

摘 要：针对烤烟不同施肥措施，研究烤烟生态系统的碳收支，为提升烟田碳管理及农田碳汇测算提供依据。以贵州省龙岗长期定位试验为平台，选择不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）、化肥配施厩肥（NPK+M）、化肥配施生物有机肥（NPK+BM）4个处理，于2015—2017年对烤烟碳固定及生长季CO2排放进行监测。研究结果显示，长期施化肥可以大幅度提高烤烟碳同化量，NPK处理烤烟碳累积量是CK的3.09倍。NPK+M、NPK+BM碳累积量较NPK处理分别提高了2.70%和12.43%。施肥提高了莖碳的分配比例，降低了叶碳分配比例，对根碳比例影响不显著。不施肥处理CO2累积排放量为7 194.58 kg/hm2，施化肥处理CO2累积排放量较不施肥处理增加了22.99%，NPK+M处理CO2累积排放量较NPK显著提高了23.65%。施肥处理碳生态效率显著高于不施肥处理。在不施肥条件下烤烟生态系统为大气CO2的碳源，单施化肥下烤烟生态系统碳汇量为132.65 kg/hm2，有机肥和生物有机肥处理碳汇量分别达到了869.41和740.99 kg/hm2。由此可见，施肥可促进烤烟碳累积，提高了碳生态效率，使烟田生态系统对大气而言为“碳库”。

关键词：烤烟;CO2排放;碳固定;碳平衡;施肥

Abstract： In view of the fertilization measures of flue-cured tobacco， the carbon budget of flue-cured tobacco ecosystem was studied to provide basis for improving carbon management in tobacco fields and calculating carbon sink in farmlands. Based on the long-term positioning experiment in Longgang， Guizhou Province， four experimental treatments were selected in 2015-2017， including no fertilizer （CK）， single fertilizer （NPK）， fertilizer with manure （NPK+M）， fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer （NPK+ BM）， to study the carbon accumulation and CO2 emission of the flue-cured tobacco ecosystem. The results showed that long-term application of chemical fertilizers can significantly improve the carbon assimilation of tobacco. The carbon accumulation of the NPK treatment is significantly higher than CK， being 3.09 times of CK. Compared with the NPK treatment， the carbon accumulation of NPK+M and NPK+BM increased by 2.7% and 12.43%， respectively. Fertilization increased the distribution ratio of stem carbon， reduced the distribution ratio of leaf carbon， but had no significant effect on the root carbon ratio. The CO2 emission of non-fertilization treatment was 7 194.58 kg/hm2， which was increased by 22.99% compared with that of the non-fertilization treatment. The CO2 emission of the manure combined with fertilizer treatment was higher than that of the single fertilization treatments， and the CO2 emission of the NPK+M treatment was 23.65% higher than that of the NPK treatment. The ecological efficiency of carbon under the fertilization treatments was significantly higher than that of the non-fertilization treatment. With no fertilization， the flue-cured tobacco ecosystem is the carbon source to atmospheric CO2. With single fertilization， the carbon sink is 132.65 kg/ha in the flue-cured tobacco ecosystem. The carbon sink of the organic fertilizer and bio organic fertilizer treatments are 869.40 kg/ha and 740.99 kg/ha， respectively. Single application of chemical fertilizers can promote the carbon accumulation of flue-cured tobacco， improve the carbon ecological efficiency， and make the tobacco field ecosystem a “carbon sink” for the atmosphere; Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can increase the external carbon， and improve the carbon sink of the flue-cured tobacco ecosystem.

Keywords： flue-cured tobacco; CO2 emission; carbon fixation; carbon budget; fertilization

农田生态系统碳库是全球碳库的重要组成部分，农田碳库的收支与平衡在全球碳循环中具有重要的作用。在全球气候变暖的背景下，农田生态系统CO2排放和碳平衡问题日渐成为关注的热点[1]。CO2排放作为农田生态系统有机碳的主要输出形式，影响着生态系统的碳平衡[2]。施肥是提升作物生产力的重要措施，不同施肥措施会影响土壤理化性质、微生物活性、作物生长，进而影响CO2排放[3]。……