张嘉澍 金满 徐洪涛

摘要：设计了一个家用并网光伏系统并计算其年发电量以研究其运行性能。在设定指定地点地理位置并导入气象数据，并根据屋顶可用面积决定光伏阵列的排布和逆变器参数后，利用 PVsyst 软件对光伏系统进行模拟，并计算发电量。结果表明：所设计的光伏系统年发电量约为7114 kW·h，发电效率为75.1%。结合调查数据发现，该光伏系统发电量超过了当地用户年平均用电量;光伏系统一年中日输出电量的变化趋势显示，光伏系统发电量高峰时的日发电量均值可达35 kW ·h 以上;而光伏系统发电量低谷时的日发电量均值不足20 kW·h;光伏系统各项损失在理论发电量中的占比变化趋势显示，每年6、7、8月系统的光伏阵列损失最大，其原因是夏季气温升高使得光伏阵列运行性能受到影响。该光伏系统发电量可以满足一般家庭的用电需求，且用户可以参考光伏系统发电量的变化趋势选择合理的用电方式。

关键词：光伏系统; PVsyst 软件;家用;并网

中图分类号： TK519    文献标志码： A

Simulation and calculation of the operation performance of adomestic grid-connected photovoltaic system

ZHANG Jiashu，JIN Man，XU Hongtao

（School of Energy and Power Engineering， University of Shanghai for Science and Technology， Shanghai 200093， China）

Abstract：A household grid-connected photovoltaic （PV） system was designed，  and its annual power generation was calculated to evaluate its operation performance. Initially， the parameters of PV arrays and inverters were selected by the available area on the roof. And then the software PVsyst was used to simulate and calculate the power generation of the designed system at settinglocation with the associated meteorological data. The results indicated that the annual power generation of this system was 7114 kW ·h， and the operation efficiency was 75%. Combining with the  survey  data，  the  power  generation  of  this  system  exceeded  the  average  annual  power consumption of the households in local area. The daily power output of the PV system indicatedthat average daily power generation of the system maximized at 35 kW ·h， while average dailypower generation could minimize at 20 kW ·h. The fraction of available power generation of this system indicated that the greatest power loss of PV arrays was achieved in June， July， and August due to the influence of high temperature in summer on their performance. In a word， the designed system could meet the demand of electricity consumption in a normal household， and the users could choose the power supply according to the power generation of the PV system.

Keywords：photovoltaic system; PVsyst software; household; grid-connection

近年來，随着能源需求的持续增长、全球气候的日益恶化，人们开始寻求“绿色”可再生能源。而太阳能因其清洁环保、可再生性、安全可靠的特点，在可再生能源中扮演着重要角色，光伏发电成为继水力和风力发电之后的第三大可再生能源发电技术，在节能减排中发挥着重要作用[1–2]。近年来，我国光伏产业发展迅速，2017年全国光伏发电量达1182亿 kW·h，对比2016年增长了78.6%[3]。在我国光伏装机容量迅速增加的同时，光伏电站并网的速度却跟不上装机容量的发展[4]。……