洪昊 赵志康 陈曦 何韩军

摘要：直线压缩机具有体积小、摩擦力小、效率高以及无油润滑等优点，其小型化设计在微電子冷却及微型空调领域具有重要的发展前景。利用Ansoft Maxwell 有限元分析软件建立了动磁式直线电机模型，确定了谐振工况下直线电机结构及性能参数，通过数值积分分析了空载和负载工况下的活塞位移。根据理论分析和模拟，研制了对置式直线压缩机实验样机，压缩机总质量为1.2 kg，总长度为118 mm。实验结果显示：以 R134a 为制冷剂时，在冷凝压力为0.79 MPa、蒸发压力为0.39 MPa 下，制冷量为57.3 W。模拟及实验结果对直线压缩机小型化设计具有参考价值。

关键词：直线压缩机;动磁式直线电机;有限元分析; R134a

中图分类号： TF457    文献标志码： A

Simulation and experimental research on small opposed linear compressor

HONG Hao，ZHAO Zhikang，CHEN Xi，HE Hanjun

（School of Energy and Power Engineering， University of Shanghai for Science and Technology， Shanghai 200093， China）

Abstract：Linear compressor has the advantages of small volume， small friction， high efficiency， and oil-free lubrication. Its miniaturization design is promising in the fields of microelectronic cooling and micro air-conditioning. A moving-magnet motor model was developed by the finite element analysis software of Ansoft Maxwell， by which the structure of the linear motor and performance under resonance conditions were determined. And the piston displacement under no- load and load conditions was analyzed by numerical integration. The experimental prototype of opposed linear compressor was developed based on the theoretical simulation. The compressor mass  was 1.2 kg  and  its  length  was 118 mm. The  experimental  results  showed  that  when evaporation pressure and condensation pressure were 0.39 MPa and 0.79 MPa， respectively with R134a  as  refrigerant，  the  cooling  capacity  of this  system  was 57.3 W. The  simulation  and experimental results can provide references for the miniaturization design of linear compressor.

Keywords：linear compressor; moving-magnet linear motor; finite element analysis; R134a

压缩机是蒸气压缩制冷系统的核心部件，它决定整个制冷系统的制冷量及性能优劣。目前，市场上的制冷设备大多采用传统往复式压缩机。该类型压缩机技术相对成熟，加工成本较低，但其内部的曲柄连杆机构导致压缩机整体系统结构庞大，同时在动力传递过程中，各部件间相互摩擦，造成传动效率降低、可靠性下降以及噪音与振动较大等不良影响。直线压缩机由直线电机直接驱动活塞运动，结构紧凑，无曲柄连杆机构，采用间隙密封技术实现了无油润滑，可替代往复式压缩机以提高制冷系统制冷性能和效率[1–3]。

直线电机小型化及其模拟设计是目前直线压缩机一个重要研究方向，关系到直线压缩机在航空航天、微电子、民用制冷设备等领域的应用与发展。……