高考英语阅读理解常见的6个命题点
2021-08-03刘娴
刘娴
笔者从近年高考英语阅读理解考查的题目出发,溯本求源,探寻命题点在文本中的来源,尝试归纳出一般英语阅读理解文本的重点语义表达处,以期对考生在阅读理解文本中,有的放矢,迅速抓住有效文本信息,提高阅读的效率。
本文基于近三年高考英语全国卷阅读理解考题与文本的联系,归纳出文本的重点语义表达特点,即命题的常见区间特点。
1. 转折之后
转折处常常是语义的重点,也是高考生查的重点。表示转折的词有however, but, instead, yet, in fact等。如2020年全国Ⅰ卷B篇:
... But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, its all about the present. Its about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. Its a window to a whole new world.
C. Its a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
分析:本文倡導重读书本,24题推测作者喜欢重读的原因,原文重说理,难度偏大。但语义重点在转折之处。通过文本中两个转折句“但是书不会改变,人会改变”以及“但是通过读书(重读),一切关乎当下以及如何成为当下的”可知,作者喜欢重读的原因在于重读能够加深对自我的理解,选D项。
2. 比较之中
若文中出现比较,如like(像), as much as(和……一样),unlike(和……不同) 或比较级或最高级词汇,往往是命题点。 如2018年全国Ⅰ卷D篇:
We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment and – our wallets– as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
32. What does the author think of new devices?
A. They are environment-friendly.
B. They are no better than the old.
C. They cost more to use at home.
D. They go out of style quickly.
分析:本段末句是含比较级,全句句意为“这对环境和我们的钱包来说是个坏消息,因为这些过时的设备比功能相同的新设备消耗更多的能量。”也就是说,新设备消耗的能量更少,即更环保,故选A项。
3. 因果关系处
因果关系处颇受命题者所青睐,表明某两个事件之间存在因果关系的词有because, since, for, as, therefore, thus, so, consequently,as a result等。如2019年全国Ⅰ卷C篇:
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
分析:本文介绍生物识别技术——智能键盘。29题考查智能键盘发明的基础,根据文本因果句的语义重点“人与人打字的模式独一无二,因此,键盘可以确定人们的身份。
