郑植彬 肖飞 裴学军 周祯祥

摘要 目的：探索國医大师治疗便秘的用药规律。方法：收集国医大师治疗便秘病的处方，录入“中医传承辅助平台系统（V2.50）”，通过该系统所集成的数据挖掘方法，分析处方中药物的使用情况，总结性味归经、核心药物、核心药对、组方规律，明确国医大师治疗便秘病的用药规律。结果：国医大师治疗便秘所用诸药以性温、平、寒，味甘、苦、辛，归属脾、胃经者居多，所选30味高频药物中频次位列前5的依次为当归、枳实、火麻仁、白术、党参，药类以补虚药为最多，其次是行气药、清热药，具有润肠通便作用的药物计15味，占50%;经关联规则分析获得15对药物组合，13条规则。结论：国医大师治疗便秘多抓住其粪便干硬的特点，主用润药，濡润大肠，又兼顾脾胃，调畅气机。对于久病顽秘，则或重用润药或适当泻下或化瘀通便或从中论治，灵活多变。便通胶囊精血津共治，肝脾肾同调，深得国医大师辨证精髓，用治精亏血虚肠燥、脾虚气滞夹热之便秘颇为合宜，老年人多精血阳气亏虚，用便通胶囊防治恰到好处。

关键词 国医大师;便秘病;用药规律;数据挖掘;便通胶囊

Study on the Medication Rules of Chinese Medical Masters for Constipation Based on Association Rules and Medication Analysis of Biantong Capsules

ZHENG Zhibin1， XIAO Fei2， PEI Xuejun2， ZHOU Zhenxiang1

（1 Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Wuhan 430065， China; 2 Children Medicine Institute of Jianmin Pharmaceutical Company Limited， Wuhan 430050， China）

Abstract Objective：To explore the medication rule of Chinese medicine master in the treatment of headache. Methods：Chinese medicine masters′ prescription in the treatment of headaches were collected. “Traditional Chinese Medicine Auxiliary Platform System （V2.50）” were entered. Through the data mining method integrated in the system， the use of prescription drugs were analyzed， nature and flavor and channel tropism， core drugs， core drug pairs， and formulating rules were summarized， and the rules of traditional Chinese medicine masters for the treatment of constipation were classified. Results：The medicines used by national TCM masters to treat constipation were warm， calm， cold in nature， sweet， bitter， and pungent. Most of them belonged to the spleen and stomach meridian. The top 5 of the 30 high-frequency medicines selected were Radix Angelicae Sinensis， Fructus Aurantii Immaturus， and Fructus Cannabis， Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae， Radix Codonopsis. The most common drugs were tonic drugs， followed by qi promoting drugs and heat-clearing drugs. There were 15 drugs with a laxative effect， accounting for 50%; 15 drug combinations were obtained through the analysis of association rules， with 13 rules. Conclusion：In the treatment of headache， national Chinese medicine masters usually take Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong as the core drug. The main moisturizing medicine is used to moisturize the large intestine. It also take care of the spleen and stomach， and regulate the qi. For those with chronic diseases and stubborn secrets， it is necessary to re-use moisturizing drugs， or appropriately purging or remove blood stasis and laxation， or treat them from it， which is flexible and changeable. Biantong Capsule treats the essence， blood and body fluid together. The liver， spleen and kidney are in harmony. It is the essence of national TCM masters. It is suitable for treating constipation caused by deficiency of essence， blood deficiency and intestinal dryness， spleen deficiency and stagnation of qi and heat. The elderly have more essence， blood， and deficiency of yang and qi. The prevention and treatment with Biantong Capsules is right and good.

Keywords National traditional Chinese medicine masters; Constipation disease; Medication rule; Data mining; Biantong capsule

中图分类号：R242;R249文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.09.015

便秘是以排便困难，3 d以上不排便，大便质硬，或怒挣难下等为特征的脾系病[《中医临床诊疗术语疾病部分》（GB/T 1.1-2009）]。其危害较多，会导致腹胀、口气、食欲下降、痔疮、记忆力下降、痤疮、痛经等疾病的发生，增加罹患胆结石、高血压、肠癌、乳腺癌等疾病的风险，于素有心脑血管疾病的患者更是埋下了一颗致命的“定时炸弹”[1-3]。……