张宁 董志鹏 张洁 陈焕章

摘 要：隨着生态文明建设的推进，国内对绿色环保的要求也越来越高。三聚氰酸作为一种重要的化工中间体，其传统制备方法存在环境污染等问题，研究和推广应用新兴制备方法迫在眉睫。系统综述了三聚氰酸制备中固相法和液相法的工艺过程及特点，指出了传统制备方法存在操作环境恶劣、能耗较高和环保不达标等问题，并对其发展前景进行了展望。指出今后可以在以下方面对三聚氰酸的制备开展深入研究：1）开展回转窑及流化床技术装备研究，逐步取代隧道窑，实现技术装备的升级改造，克服传统固相法的缺点;2）深入探索液相法溶剂体系的筛选及回收套用问题，加强液相法小试技术的研究及中试放大研究，为实现工业化生产提供理论基础;3）对新兴制备方法原料的来源、产品收率及生产成本问题进行系统、深入研究，以期实现规模化生产。

关键词：有机合成化学;三聚氰酸;制备;固相法;液相法;离子液体

中图分类号：TQ254.3 文献标识码：A

doi：10.7535/hbkd.2021yx03009

Review of preparation methods of pyrouric acid

ZHANG Ning1， DONG Zhipeng2， ZHANG Jie1， CHEN Huanzhang1，3

（1.School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering，Hebei University of Science and Technology，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050018，China;2.Hebei Lansheng Biotech Company Limited，Jinzhou，Hebei 052260，China;3.State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug of Hebei Province，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050018，China）

Abstract：With the advance of ecological civilization construction，the domestic demand for green environmental protection is also higher and higher.As an important chemical intermediate，the traditional preparation method of pyrouric acid has some problems such as environmental pollution，so it is urgent to study and popularize the new preparation method.The process and characteristics of solid phase and liquid phase methods for the preparation of pyrouric acid were systematically reviewed.The problems of traditional preparation methods such as bad operating environment，high energy consumption and not up to the standard of environmental protection were elucidated.The development prospect of preparation methods of pyrouric acid was also prospected.It is pointed out that further research on the preparation of pyrouric acid can be carried out in the following aspects.1）It is necessary to carry out research on rotary kiln and fluidized bed equipment，gradually replace tunnel kiln，realize the upgrading of technical equipment，and overcome the shortcomings of traditional solid phase method;2）In order to lay a foundation for industrial production，the selection and recovery of solvent system in liquid phase method should be deeply explored，and the research of liquid phase method in small scale and scale up in pilot scale should be strengthened;3）The raw material source，product yield and production cost of the new preparation method should be systematically and deeply studied in order to realize large-scale production.

Keywords：

organic synthesis chemistry;pyrouric acid;preparation;solid-phase method;liquid-phase method;ionic liquid

三聚氰酸，也被称为氰尿酸或者是异氰尿酸，是一种重要的精细化工品。成品三聚氰酸是一种白色无味、无毒的结晶固体，微溶于水及苯、丙酮、乙醚、乙醇等大多数溶剂。三聚氰酸主要有烯醇式和酮式2种互变异构体结构，在一些三聚氰酸成品中2种结构均有所存在，但以酮式占主导地位。工业上，三聚氰酸及其衍生物有很多重要的应用，涉及到医学农药等产业、纺织染料及涂料等工业、机械电气等制造业。……