王晓君 杨玉莹 孙立新 吴敬学 毛世平

摘    要： 受新冠肺炎疫情影响，2020年我国西瓜甜瓜产业在生产端、市场端及進出口贸易方面均受到不同程度冲击：（1）西瓜甜瓜生产端所受影响有限，疫情暴发前期以短期内物流不畅、劳动力短缺为主，但市场端发生的变化传导到瓜农，造成瓜农中后期西瓜甜瓜销售价格与销量齐跌，经济收益受损;（2）西瓜甜瓜市场价格波动幅度大，相比往年同期，旺季价格下跌，全年成交量下降三成;（3）我国西瓜甜瓜以内销为主，受国际市场影响微弱。针对疫情对西瓜甜瓜产业的多方位影响，后疫情时期提出从加快培育新型经营主体、打造西瓜甜瓜现代果品全产业链体系、推动西瓜甜瓜产业绿色转型、提升西瓜甜瓜品牌特色、大力发展西瓜甜瓜电子商务等方面推进我国西瓜甜瓜产业高质量发展。

关键词： 西瓜; 甜瓜; 新冠肺炎疫情; 瓜农; 市场波动; 发展对策

中图分类号： S651+S652 文献标志码： B 文章编号： 1673-2871（2021）05-125-07

Influence of the COVID-19 epidemic on China's watermelon and melon industry and its development countermeasures in the post-epidemic period

WANG Xiaojun， YANG Yuying， SUN Lixin， WU Jingxue， MAO Shiping

（Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China）

Abstract： Chinas watermelon and melon industry was affected by COVID-19 epidemic to varying degrees in terms of production， market， and import and export trade in 2020：（1）The impact of COVID-19 epidemic on the production of watermelon and melon was limited. Poor logistics and labor shortages were the main obstacles in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak， but the impact became weak as time went by. However， the turbulence that occurred on the market was transmitted to melon farmers， which led to loss of economic gains of farmers because of the low price and low sales of watermelon and melon this year; （2）The price of the watermelon and melon market fluctuated greatly. Compared with the same period of last year， the price of watermelon and melon on peak season dropped， and the annual transaction volume  dropped by 30%; （3）China's watermelon and melon were mainly consumed in the domestic market， which were weakly affected by the international market. In the post-epidemic period. Tt is suggested to promote the high-quality development of China's watermelon and melon industry from the following aspects：cultivating the new types of agricultural business subjects， building a modern watermelon and melon industry chain system and green transformation， enhancing the influence of the watermelon and melon brand， and developing the e-commerce， etc.

Key words： Watermelon; Melon; COVID-19; Melon farmers; Market fluctuation; Development countermeasures

当前，国内外发展环境发生了深刻复杂变化。从外部环境看，世界正经历百年未有之大变局，经济全球化遭遇逆流，世界经济增长乏力，新冠肺炎疫情的全球大流行给全球产业链供应链带来前所未有的冲击[1-4]，部分国家对农产品采取限制出口或增加储备政策，导致全球农产品价格波动[1]，我国西瓜甜瓜进出口量少[5]，影响相对有限。从国内环境来看，我国农业经济转向高质量发展阶段，人民日益增长的美好生活需求以及对“菜篮子”产品高品质、多样化的需求，对农产品品质提升、绿色发展提出了新要求[6]。……