辣椒新品种新科16的选育
2021-07-19任福森郭志伟孙强陈昊放李磊刘贺娟王玲燕
任福森 郭志伟 孙强 陈昊放 李磊 刘贺娟 王玲燕



摘 要:新科16是河南省新乡市农业科学院利用雄性不育系161A作为母本、恢复系D4为父本培育的中早熟优质黄皮三系杂交辣椒新品种。河南地区早春塑料大棚栽培模式下生育期183 d左右,定植至始收62.2 d,前期坐果集中,中后期连续坐果能力强;平均株高81.8 cm,株幅72.0 cm,初花节位9.9节;果实羊角形,青熟期黄绿色,果面光滑,心室数2.5,纵径21.0 cm,横径3.7 cm,果肉厚度0.34 cm,平均单果质量77.2 g;果实生熟食风味佳,辣椒素质量分数22.8 mg?kg-1,维生素C质量分數79.2 mg·100 g-1,水分质量分数93.0%,粗纤维质量分数1.34%;667 m2平均产量3 292.3 kg。适合在河南地区及周边地区日光温室、塑料大棚栽培。2016年通过河南省种子管理站农作物品种鉴定。
关键词: 辣椒; 新品种; 新科16; 三系杂交
中图分类号: S641.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)05-117-04
Breeding of a new pepper variety Xinke No. 16
REN Fusen1, GUO Zhiwei1, SUN Qiang1, CHEN Haofang1, LI Lei2, LIU Hejuan1, WANG Lingyan1
(1.Henan Xinxiang City Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China;2.Yuanyang County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Yuanyang 453500, Henan, China)
Abstract:A yellow skin pepper variety with mid-early maturity and high quality, Xinke No. 16 was bred by crossing male sterile line 161A and restorer line D4. The whole-growth period and planting-to-initial-harvest period of Xinke No. 16 are about 183 days and 62.2 days, respectively. The average plant height and plant width are 81.8 cm and 72.0 cm. The initial flower appears at the 9.9th node. The fruit is sheep–horn shaped, with yellow green color and smooth surface. The fruit has an average of 2.5 carpels, with 21.0 cm in length, 3.7 cm in width and 0.34 cm in pulp thickness. The average fruit mass is 77.2 g. The flavor of raw and cooked fruit is good with medium spicy. The Vc content of the fruit is 79.2 mg·100 g-1, with 93.0% moisture and 1.34% crude fiber. The average yield is 3 292.3 kg per 667 m-2. Xinke No. 16 is suitable for early spring cultivation in both solar greenhouse and plastic greenhouse.
Key words: Pepper; New variety; Xinke No. 16; Three-line hybrid
1 育种目标
近年来我国辣椒的年播种面积在150万~200万hm2[1],是种植规模和经济效益最好的蔬菜作物之一[2-4]。辣椒杂种优势非常明显[5],21世纪以来我国辣椒杂交种已大面积应用于生产[6],但使用的杂交种子大部分是采用人工去雄授粉制种的,制种成本高、种子纯度低[7],知识产权难以保护,种子质量问题频出,给种植户造成损失,也给种子企业造成重大影响甚至致命打击,而利用雄性不育系培育“三系配套”杂交种是解决这些问题最有效的途径[8]。另外,前些年来我国北方牛角椒市场很大一部分被一些跨国公司占领,这类种子的销售价格非常高昂[2-3],严重影响了其在河南等内陆省份的推广;中原地区消费者普遍喜欢黄皮辣椒类型[9-10],而国外品种果实偏绿,并不是最佳选择;河南以塑料大棚春夏秋三季两茬生产为主,对早熟、前期坐果集中等特性要求较高[11]。……
