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小果型西瓜新品种菊城惠玲的选育

2021-07-19罗晓丹程志强霍治邦侯晟灿范君龙郭岩

中国瓜菜 2021年5期

罗晓丹 程志强 霍治邦 侯晟灿 范君龙 郭岩

摘    要:菊城惠玲是以优良自交系开封163为母本、开封225为父本育成的杂交1代小果型西瓜新品种。该品种坐果性佳,长势较强,早春大棚栽培模式下全生育期86 d左右,果实发育期28~30 d,为早熟品种;果实椭圆形,果皮绿色覆深绿色细齿带、果皮表面有蜡粉,果皮韧,耐贮运;瓜瓤颜色大红,口感酥脆,品质上乘,中心可溶性固形物质量分数13%以上,平均单瓜质量1.65 kg,667 m2产量3000 kg以上。该品种植株分枝力强,综合抗性中等,坐果性好,产量较高,适合河南省及周边省份保护地栽培。2019年通过国家非主要农作物品种登记。

关键词: 小果型西瓜; 新品种; 菊城惠玲; 早熟

中图分类号:S651 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)05-113-04

Breeding of a new mini-watermelon cultivar Jucheng Huiling

LUO Xiaodan, CHENG Zhiqiang, HUO Zhibang, HOU Shengcan, FAN Junlong, GUO Yan

(Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China)

Abstract: Jucheng Huiling is a new mini-watermelon variety, which developed by Kaifeng 163 as female parent and Kaifeng 225 as male parent. This variety has good fruit setting ability and strong growth vigor. In early spring, under the greenhouse cultivation mode, the total growing period is about 86 days and the fruit development period is 28-30 days. It is an early maturity variety. The fruit is oval, with green peel covered with dark green narrow stripes and wax powder on the surface of the peel. The peel is tough and resistant to storage and transportation. The flesh  is bright red, crispy with good  quality. The soluble solid content in the center is more than 13%, the average fruit weight is 1.65 kg, it is about 3000 kg yield per 667 m2. It has strong branching ability, moderate comprehensive resistance and good fruit setting ability. It is suitable for protected cultivation in Henan Province and surrounding provinces.

Key words: Min- watermelon; New variety; Jucheng Huiling; Early maturity

1 育种目标

西瓜是世界十大消费水果之一,产量在瓜菜品种中居第三位[1-2],在热带和亚热带地区都有广泛种植,遍及亚洲东南部、非洲、加勒比海的大部分地区和美国南部地区[3-5]。开封是我国主要西瓜生产基地之一,西瓜种植面积大,生产区域较集中,是瓜区农民的主要经济作物。近年来,由于家庭人口组成变化,水果种类增多,小果型西瓜更受消费者青睐[6-7],其生育期短,糖度高,口感好,销售价格高,效益更高,近几年种植面积不断扩大,但是普遍存在种质创新不够、遗传资源狭窄、品种品质不稳定、生长势弱、抗性低等问题,制约产业发展。为了实现小果型西瓜品种多样化,笔者制定了选育早熟、果形好、坐果性佳、产量较高、品质极佳、综合抗病性強的小果型花皮椭圆西瓜的育种目标。……

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