谭小艳 马耀华 李创 王玲玉

摘 要：为了有效防控黄花菜叶锈病，对山东省新泰市汶南镇借庄村叶锈病的发病情况进行了调查，分析防治现状并提出防治对策。采用问卷调查法了解叶锈病的发病及防治情况，通过常规方法进行病害调查，计算发病率、病情指数了解发病程度。在显微镜下进行叶片病菌形态观察。叶锈病对黄花菜的种植影响非常大，60 %以上种植面积重度发病。大棚收获前期发病率最高为7.5%，病情指数0.83。收获后期管理粗放的大棚发病率达到100%，病情指数为100。防治建议是在选用抗病品种的基础上，以农业防治与化学防治相结合、化学防治为主导的对策，杀菌剂交替或者混配使用。收获期后还应继续加强对锈病的防治。

关键词：黄花菜;叶锈病;调查;防治

中图分类号：S644.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）05-101-04

Investigation on the incidence of daylily leaf rust and its control measures

TAN Xiaoyan， MA Yaohua， LI Chuang， WANG Lingyu

（College of Life Sciences， Zaozhuang University， Zaozhuang 277160， Shandong， China）

Abstract： In order to control the Daylily leaf rust， we investigated the morbidity of Daylily leaf rust at the Jiezhuang village which located in Wennan Town， Xintai city， Shandong Province， analyzed the prevention status， and proposed prevention and control strategies. Questionnaire survey was used to understand the incidence and prevention of daylily leaf rust in Jiezhuang Village， and then the disease was investigated by conventional methods， calculated the incidence rate and disease index to comprehend the incidence degree. The morphology of leaf pathogen was observed by microscope. Leaf rust had an extremely impact on the planting of daylilies， with more than 60% of the planting area seriously affected. The pre-harvest morbidity of greenhouses was 7.5% and the disease index was 0.83. The incidence of extensive management in the late harvest period reached 100%， and the disease index was 100. The recommendations for the prevention and control of daylily leaf rust are based on the selection of disease-resistant cultivars， agricultural control and chemical control should be combined in together and chemical control should be taken as the leading strategy. Fungicides which have good inhibitory effect to leaf rust， can be used alternately or in mix. Prevention and control measures against rust should be strengthened after harvest.

Key words： Daylily; Leaf rust disease; Investigations; Prevention and control

黃花菜是我国的传统特色蔬菜，不仅具有色泽艳丽、味道鲜美、营养价值高等优点，而且具有清神、醒脑、清热、解毒等多种药用功效，由此得名“忘忧草”。现代医学研究证明，黄花菜还具有较好的健脑益智、抗衰防老之功能，对降低血清胆固醇有很好的效果，也有报道表明，黄花菜75%醇提物（HCE75）具有抗抑郁活性，主要物质为芦丁和橙皮苷[1-2]。1998年，山东省新泰市汶南镇被中国特产经济专业委员会评为中国黄花菜第一镇，黄花菜种植一直是当地农民的主要收入之一，2003年该地区黄花菜又被评为中国绿色食品[3]。但近年来受病害的影响，黄花菜的产量连年下降……