李通 佟静 王丽萍 王宝驹 刘子英 武占会

摘 要：為筛选出适宜莲藕种植的缓释肥料种类，以莲藕大地红为试材，普通复合肥为对照，5 种氮磷钾不同配比（质量比，后同）的缓释肥作为对比：N∶P2O5∶K2O=16∶12∶20（T1）、N∶P2O5∶K2O=17∶17∶17（T2）、N∶P2O5∶K2O=18∶10∶18（T3）、N∶P2O5∶K2O=25∶12∶15（T4）、N∶P2O5∶K2O=26∶12∶10（T5），测定莲藕的叶柄高、净光合速率、可溶性糖含量等指标并加以分析，探究不同缓释肥对莲藕光合特性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明，T3 处理莲藕株高可达133.33 cm;总叶绿素含量为3.09 mg·g-1，比CK 处理提高63.49%，比其他缓释肥处理分别提高47.14%、12.36%、2.66%、61.78%，净光合速率可达9.71 μmol·m-2·s-1;产量可达46 277.78 kg·hm-2，较CK 处理增产54.55%，分别比其他缓释肥处理增产15.98%、16.50%、3.54%、19.56%;可溶性蛋白质含量可达2.44 mg·g-1，较CK 处理提高39.43%，分别比其他缓释肥处理提高22.00%、9.42%、5.63%、31.18%。综上所述，在本试验条件下，施用氮、磷、钾比例为18∶10∶18的缓释肥处理的莲藕植物学性状、叶片光合参数、产量、品质整体表现优于其他处理，可作为推荐缓释肥在莲藕种植中推广使用。

关键词：莲藕;缓释肥;光合特性;产量;品质

中图分类号∶S645.1 文献标志码∶A 文章编号∶1673-2871（2021）05-076-06

Effects of different slow release fertilizers on photosynthetic characterstics， yield and quality of lotus root

LI Tong1， 3， TONG Jing1， 2， WANG Liping3， WANG Baoju1， 2， LIU Ziying3， WU Zhanhui1， 2

（1. National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables， Beijing Agriculture and Forestry Sciences， Beijing 100097， China; 2. Key Laboratory of North China Urban Agriculture， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Beijing 100097， China; 3. College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering， Hebei University of Engineering， Handan 056038， Hebei， China）

Abstract： In order to screen out the suitable slow-release fertilizers for lotus root cultivation， lotus root Dadihong was used as test material and common compound fertilizer was used as control， 5 kinds of slow-release fertilizers with different proportions of N， P， and K as the comparison： N∶P2O5∶K2O = 16∶12∶20 （T1）， N∶P2O5∶K2O = 17∶17∶17 （T2）， N∶P2O5∶K2O = 18∶10∶18 （T3）， N∶P2O5∶K2O = 25∶12∶15 （T4）， N∶P2O5∶K2O = 26∶12∶10 （T5）were selected in this study， the petiole height， net photosynthetic rate， soluble sugar and other indicators of lotus root were measured. The results showed that the petiole height of T3 treatment was 133.33 cm， the total chlorophyll content was 3.09 mg · g-1， which was 63.49% higher than that of CK treatment， and 47.14%， 12.36%， 2.66%， 61.78% higher than those of other slow-release fertilizer treatments， the net photosynthetic rate was 9.71 μmol·m-2·s-1， and the yield was 46 277.78 kg · hm-2， compared with CK， the yield was 54.55% higher than that of ck， and 15.98%， 16.50%， 3.54%， 19.56% higher than those of the other slow-release fertilizer treatments. The soluble protein content of T3 treatment was 2.44 mg·g-1， which was 39.43% higher than that of CK treatment， and 22.00%， 9.42%， 5.63% and 31.18% higher than those of the other slow-release fertilizer treatments. In conclusion， under the condition of this experiment， the botanical characters， photosynthetic parameters， yield and quality of lotus root treated with N∶P2O5∶K2O = 18∶10∶18 exhibited better than other treatments， which could be used as recommended slow-release fertilizer in lotus root cultivation.

Key words：Lotus root; Slow-release fertilizer; Photosynthetic characterstics; Yield; Quality

莲藕（Nelumbo nucifera Gaeltn.）属睡莲科，为宿根性多年生水生草本植物。莲藕不仅可供食用、药用，而且还是中国的十大名花之一[1]。莲藕中含有淀粉、糖类、蛋白质、生物碱、维生素C、维生素B6等多种营养成分，生食炒食风味俱佳。莲藕是我国栽培面积最大的水生蔬菜，年种植面积达40 万 hm2，自北向南主要分布在黄河流域、长江流域和珠江流域[2]。在莲藕种植过程中，种植户为了追求高产，往往会盲目施肥，不仅造成肥料的浪费而且对环境也造成了一定的影响[1]。不合理的化肥施用不仅会降低化肥利用效率，对农田生態环境也造成了不同程度的破坏，并引发一系列的环境问题[3-4]。……