新型肥料对大蒜生长和品质的影响
2021-07-19曾爱松宋立晓许园园李健绮严继勇
曾爱松 宋立晓 许园园 李健绮 严继勇



摘 要:为了减少大蒜生产中化学肥料施用量,达到科学施肥目的,分析了新型肥料对大蒜生长和品质的影响。以金乡白皮大蒜为试验材料,研究了常规追施尿素(CK)、大量元素水溶肥料(T1)、大量元素水溶肥料+有机叶面肥(T2)对大蒜植株生长势、蒜头产量及品质的影响。结果表明,大蒜株高、开展度、叶长、叶宽、叶片数、假茎高、游离氨基酸含量、可溶性糖含量及蔗糖含量均表现为T2>T1>CK;可溶性蛋白含量T2处理最大,而T1处理和CK相同;硝酸盐含量则表现为T2 关键词:大蒜;大量元素水溶肥料;有机叶面肥;产量;品质 中图分类号:S633.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)05-072-04 Effects of new fertilizer on the growth and quality of garlic ZENG Aisong1, SONG Lixiao1, XU Yuanyuan1, LI Jianqi2, YAN Jiyong1 (1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement/Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China; 2. Qingdao Bioivy Crop Science Co., Ltd, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China) Abstract: In order to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer in garlic production and achieve the goal of scientific fertilization, the effects of new fertilizer application on the growth and quality of garlic were analyzed. Three experimental treatments were set including urea (CK), watersolublemacroelement fertilizer (T1) and water solublemacroelement fertilizer combined with organic foliar fertilizer (T2), Jinxiangbaipi garlic was used as the experimental material. The results indicated that the ranking of plant height, degree of plant development, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, false stem height, free amino acid content, soluble sugar content and sucrose content of garlic were T2 >T1 > CK. The soluble protein content of T2 treatment was the highest, while T1 treatment was as same as CK. In addition, the contents of nitrate were T2 Key words: Garlic; Macroelement water soluble fertilizer; Organic foliar fertilizer; Yield; Quality 大蒜(Allium sativum L.)为百合科葱属多年生宿根蔬菜,原产于西亚和中亚,在我国已有两千多年的栽培历史[1]。大蒜的营养价值较高,其功能因子大蒜素具有杀菌力强、抗菌谱广的特点,还具有抗肿瘤、降胆固醇、抗血小板聚集、护肝、预防心血管疾病、降血压等药理学作用[2-4]。中国大蒜常年种植面积约78万hm2,占世界大蒜栽培面积的三分之二,年产量1 157.8万t[5]。大蒜生育期较长,土壤养分消耗量大,為获得高产采取增施化学肥料(尤其是氮肥)是生产中的普遍现象。化肥过量施用不但造成肥料资源浪费、土壤质量退化和环境污染问题,而且会降低大蒜的产量和品质[6-9]。 大量元素水溶肥料和有机叶面肥是目前生产中推广使用的两种高效新型肥料。大量元素水溶肥料是一种可以完全溶于水的多元素全水溶性肥料,能迅速地溶解于水中,更容易被作物吸收,而且利用率高,是一种营养全面、用量少、见效快的速效肥料[10]。有机叶面……
