郭松 沙新林 杨惠勤 李荣 姜雪琴 路洁 赵丹青 刘声锋

摘 要：针对宁夏吴忠拱棚西瓜栽培生产中水肥利用率不高、水肥施入不同步等制约因素，充分利用西瓜膜下滴灌条件，探索适宜水平下水、氮和钾之间的相互作用，分析其在大棚高畦膜下滴灌条件下的产量效应，建立吴忠黄灌区大棚西瓜产量数学模型，以氮肥和钾肥配施提高补灌水分利用效率，达到提高植株整体的生长、品质及产量的目的。采用频率分析法对产量模型进行模拟的结果表明，产量大于47 700 kg·hm-2的方案中最佳农艺措施为：补水量904.8～1 014.75 m3·hm-2、施氮肥量172.69～204.775 kg·hm-2、施钾肥量204～218.2 kg·hm-2。根据不同产量水平下的因素分析，总结了最优组合方案，可达到提高植株整体的抗性、制约土传病害蔓延的效果。

关键词：西瓜;大棚;膜下滴灌;引黄灌区;水肥耦合

中图分类号：S651 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）05-040-05

Water and fertilizer coupling effect of drip irrigation under film in greenhouse watermelon in irrigation area of Yellow River diversion in Ningxia

GUO Song1， SHA Xinlin2， YANG Huiqin3， LI Rong3， JIANG Xueqin2， LU Jie2， ZHAO Danqing2， LIU Shengfeng1

（1. Institute of Germplasm Resources， Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences ， Yinchuan 750002， Ningxia， China; 2. Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences， Yinchuan 750002， Ningxia， China; 3. Wuzhong City Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Litong District ， Wuzhong 751100， Ningxia， China）

Abstract： In view of the limited factors such as low water and fertilizer utilization rate and unsynchronized water and fertilizer application in watermelon cultivation in Wuzhong arch shed of Ningxia. The interaction among water， nitrogen and potassium was explored under the condition of drip irrigation. The yield effect of drip irrigation under plastic film was analyzed， and a mathematical model of watermelon yield was established in Wuzhong Yellow River irrigation area. The combination of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer can improve water use efficiency， promote plant growth， and improve quality and yield. The results show that Frequency analysis method was used to simulate the yield model， and the best agronomic measures were as follows： water supply 904.8-1 014.75 m3·hm-2， nitrogen application 172.69-204.775 kg·hm-2 and potassium application 204-218.2 kg·hm-2. According to the analysis of factors under different yield levels， a group of optimal combination schemes is summarized， which can improve the overall resistance of plants and restrict the spread of soil borne diseases.

Key words： Watermelon; Greenhouse; Drip irrigation under mulch; Yellow River irrigation area; Water fertilizer coupling

宁夏吴忠市位于黃河上游，有充足的水源和光照，中温带干旱性气候，为西瓜的生长和果实糖分积累都提供了有利条件。当地早春栽培的拱棚西瓜具有良好的市场前景，且种植拱棚西瓜投资少、风险小、比露地西瓜上市早，21世纪初，吴忠地区开始大力推广拱棚西瓜种植。当前，该地区拱棚西瓜种植面积已近1300 hm2，农民从拱棚西瓜种植中获得的收入逐年增加，拱棚西瓜产业正成为瓜农增收致富的重要渠道。吴忠地区大部分拱棚西瓜采用传统的浅沟窄垄栽培模式，管理粗放，水肥配套设备不完善;探索和研究西瓜高效节水灌溉制度主要是解决水资源浪费及过量补水导致的品质降低等问题[1]。……