王志伟 朱菲莹 谭华 李涵 周文 戴思慧

摘    要：为了探究氰氨化钙对连作西瓜生长的影响，以早佳8424为材料，在连作5年的钢架大棚，研究不同剂量氰氨化钙（CK：0 g·m-2;T1：60 g·m-2;T2：120 g·m-2;T3：180 g·m-2）对连作西瓜植株生长指标、果实性状和产量、枯萎病发病率等的影响。在西瓜连作土壤中添加适量的氰氨化钙能够显著促进西瓜的生长发育，降低枯萎病发病率，提高连作西瓜的产量。T2处理提高不同时期西瓜植株的茎粗、主蔓长、叶片的SPAD值，显著提高西瓜植株的鲜质量和干质量，枯萎病发病率仅为5.79%，比CK增产67.07%，西瓜整个生育期的生长性状及产量表现为最佳，对西瓜枯萎病防控效果最好。

关键词：西瓜;氰氨化钙;连作障碍;生长;产量

中图分类号：S651 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）05-036-05

Effect of calcium cyanamide on growth and yield of watermelon

WANG Zhiwei1，2， ZHU Feiying1， TAN Hua1， LI Han1， ZHOU Wen1， DAI Sihui2

（1.Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Changsha 410125， Hunan， China; 2. College  of Horticulture， Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha 410128， Hunan， China）

Abstract：In order to study the effect of calcium cyanamide on the growth of continuous cropping watermelon， Zaojia 8424 was used as material， and four treatments were adopted in greenhouse： control treatment （without calcium cyanamide， CK）， low concentration calcium cyanamide 60 g·m-2（T1）; medium concentration of calcium cyanamide 120 g·m-2（T2）; high concentration calcium cyanamide180 g·m-2（T3）. The effects of different dosage of calcium cyanamide on the growth index， fruit characters， yield and incidence of Fusarium wilt of continuous cropping watermelon were studied under the treatment of calcium cyanamide. The results showed that adding suitable amount of calcium cyanamide to the soil of watermelon continuous cropping could significantly promote the growth and development of watermelon， reduce the incidence of Fusarium wilt and increase the yield of watermelon continuous cropping. The stem diameter， main stem length and leaf Spad value of watermelon plants at different stages were increased by T2 treatment， and the fresh weight and dry weight of watermelon plants were significantly increased. The incidence of Fusarium wilt in T2 treatment was only 5.79%， the output of T2 was 67.07% higher than CK. The results of this study provide a theoretical guidance for alleviating the obstacles of continuous cropping of watermelon in greenhouse.

Key words： Watermelon; CaCN2; Continuous cropping obstacles; Growth; Yield

西瓜是湖南省重要的經济作物，2017年湖南省西瓜播种面积11万hm2，位居全国第四。随着设施种植年限的增加，连作造成了土壤中各类病原微生物的大量累积，导致瓜类枯萎病等土传病害发生严重，可使西瓜减产15%～85%，严重制约西瓜产业的持续发展[1]。土壤消毒是防治土传病害的重要方式。大量研究表明，溴甲烷、二氯丙烯、三氯硝基甲烷、威百亩等土壤熏蒸剂可以有效防控作物土传病害的发生，但对环境及人畜有害，先后被国内外禁止在生产中使用[2]，因此筛选绿色、安全、有效的防治西瓜连作障碍的土壤处理剂迫在眉睫。氰氨化钙（英文名calcium cyanamide，分子式CaCN2），又称石灰氮或碳氮化钙，是目前生产中含钙量最高的氮肥，被登记为黄瓜、番茄防治根结线虫的药剂。……