王恩煜 郜森 李婉茹 张显 张勇 高钰滢 李好 魏春华 杨建强 马建祥

摘    要：為探究优化施肥配施蚯蚓粪有机肥替代常规施肥对嫁接西瓜生长的影响，在优化施肥基础上设置4个不同用量蚯蚓粪有机肥处理：Q400、Q500、Q600、Q700（每667 m2施用蚯蚓粪400、500、600、700 kg），以不施肥（CK）和常规施肥（CF）为对照，研究不同施肥处理对嫁接西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明，与CF相比，优化施肥配施500 kg·667 m-2蚯蚓粪有机肥，可以在不降低西瓜产量的基础上显著改善果实品质，西瓜维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量、糖酸比、中心可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量均显著提升，并显著提高了肥料偏生产力与肥料农学利用率。综合分析认为，Q500处理可代替常规施肥在陕西地区西瓜生产中推广施用。

关键词：嫁接西瓜;优化施肥;蚯蚓粪;产量;品质

中图分类号：S651 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）05-030-06

Effects of optimum fertilization combined with vermicompost organic on yield and quality of grafted watermelon

WANG Enyu1， GAO Sen1， LI Wanru1， ZHANG Xian1， ZHANG Yong1， GAO Yuyin2， LI Hao1， WEI Chunhua1， YANG Jianqiang1， MA Jianxiang1

（1. College of Horticulture， Northwest A&F University， Yangling 712100， Shaanxi，China; 2. Xuzhou Shunran Agricultural Technology Development Co.， Ltd， Xuzhou 221000， Jiangsu，China）

Abstract： To explore the effect of optimal fertilization combined with vermicompost instead of conventional fertilization on the growth of grafted watermelon.This experiment is based on optimized fertilization set 4 different gradient organic fertilizer treatments for vermicompost： Q400， Q500， Q600， Q700， with no fertilization （CK） and conventional fertilization （CF） as controls， to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth， yield and quality of grafted watermelon. Results： Compared with CF， there was no significant difference in vine length between optimized fertilization and different gradients of vermicompost organic fertilizer; Q400 and Q500 treatments had no significant difference in stem thickness and chlorophyll content from CF; Q500 treatment did not significantly increase yield compared with CF ， but the partial productivity of fertilizers， the agronomic utilization rate of fertilizers were significantly improved， and the fruit quality was also significantly improved. The content of vatamin C， soluble protein， sugar-to-acid ratio， central soluble solids， and reducing sugars were significantly increased. The total soluble sugar content was not different from that of CF significantly. Comprehensive analysis of growth， yield and quality indicators shows that Q500 is the best treatment. On the basis of CF， it can reduce the amount of fertilizer by 99.8 kg·667 m-2. Therefore， the Q500 treatment （N 9.6 kg·667 m-2， P2O5 4 kg·667 m-2， K2O 8.8 kg·667 m-2， vermicompost organic fertilizer 500 kg·667 m-2） can replace conventional fertilization in watermelon production in Shaanxi.

Key words： Grafted watermelon;Optimized fertilization; Vermicompost; Yield; Quality

西瓜是我国夏季主要水果之一，味甜多汁、清热解渴、营养丰富，且适应性强，栽培周期短，是我国高效园艺作物之一[1]。2018年，我国瓜果类种植总面积为217.72万hm2，西瓜种植面积151.79万hm2，约占总面积的69.7%[2]。西瓜是农业经济高附加值作物，我国化肥过量施用问题比较突出，目前一些设施西瓜种植户也意识到不合理施肥的严重性，开始采用有机肥与化肥配施模式，但仍缺乏科学、系统、高效的施肥技术指导。陕西西瓜主产区农户施肥状况调查显示，农户施肥存在化肥过量施用且氮、磷、钾肥施入比例不当及有机肥盲目施用等问题[3-4]，养分施入量远大于西瓜生长需求量。……