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基于订单取消量可预测的制造商原材料库存优化研究

2021-07-12陈光会王瑞亭苏兵李会聪

预测 2021年3期

陈光会 王瑞亭 苏兵 李会聪

摘 要:本文针对已支付定金客户取消订单的情形,提出根据历史订单量和实际交易量利用线性回归模型来预测订单取消量。在此基础上,本文构建了以库存总成本最小为目标的订单取消量可预测的制造商原材料库存优化模型,然后设计了时间复杂度为O(np)的近似算法GA求解模型(其中n为原材料的种类数,p为预测订单取消量的时段数),并分析了算法GA的近似比。最后选取XAHL有限公司的库存数据进行实例分析,验证了模型和算法的有效性,根据模型计算结果给出公司原材料采购和库存优化策略。本文旨在为制造商进行原材料采购及库存决策提供理论依据。

关键词:预测;订单取消量;原材料库存;线性回归;近似算法

中图分类号:C934文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5192(2021)03-0069-07doi:10.11847/fj.40.3.69

Research on Material Inventory Optimization of Manufacturersunder Order Cancellations Predictable

CHEN Guang-hui, WANG Rui-ting, SU Bing, LI Hui-cong

(School of Economics and Management, Xian Technological University, Xian 710021, China)

Abstract:For the practical case that customers orders may cancel who have paid down deposit, the paper proposes to predict order cancellations based on linear regression model according to historical orders and actual transactions. Then the material inventory optimization model under order cancellations predicted with the objective of minimizing total inventory costs is established, and approximate algorithm GA with time complexity O(np) to solve the problem is designed(Where n denote categories of materials, p denote phases of order cancellation), and the approximate ratio of GA is analyzed. Finally, take inventory data of XAHL Co., Ltd. as an example to conform effectiveness of the model and algorithm,which help to optimize inventory strategies and material purchasing of XAHL Co., Ltd.. All the conclusions are aim to provide theoretical basis for all material purchasing and inventory decision-makers of manufacturers.Key words:prediction; order cancellations; material inventory;  linear regression; approximate ratio

1 引言

制造商(本文特指面向訂单企业)在接到客户订单(均指产品订单,后同)且客户支付一定定金后进行原材料采购及生产。实际中,客户支付定金后会由于销售不景气或发现性价比更有竞争力的产品等原因取消部分或全部订单,此时制造商已完成原材料采购。为削弱客户取消订单带来的库存持有成本和管理成本增加,制造商会提前预测客户订单取消量。因此,研究客户订单取消量可预测的原材料库存优化对制造商的采购、库存决策具有重要的研究意义。

现有研究一类是考虑订单不可取消情形下,要么考虑缺货成本[1~7]研究制造商原材料库存优化,其中李毅鹏等[3]主要从供应链上下游角度分析了制造商的订单决策及期望利润。……

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