摘 要：伴隨现代化转型，农村老年人黄昏恋呈兴起态势，立足北方农村小样本的质性研究，通过对黄昏恋兴起特征及其规范“字据”的分析，发现黄昏恋金钱交换、权责脱卸的实践规则，由此印证了农村老年人的黄昏恋不是个体主义发展带来的现代自由恋爱，也不是传统意义上的婚姻，而是功能性搭伴养老，它通过需求互补和需求互助两种搭伴形式，实现了男性老人生活照料、女性老人赚钱养老和精神慰藉的自养功能。而探析农村老年人黄昏恋的兴起逻辑，需从代际关系变迁视角予以分析，在城镇化与工业化进程中农民家庭代际关系逐渐失衡并走向代际剥削，具体表现为资源交换失衡、权力让渡失范和伦理失序，这导致家庭养老功能弱化：子代退养和老人自养并起，这构成黄昏恋兴起的内在逻辑。农村黄昏恋的兴起是家庭伦理危机的映射，农民家庭的神圣性趋于瓦解，亟须重塑。

关键词：黄昏恋;搭伴养老;代际关系失衡;伦理危机

中图分类号：C913.6 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4149（2021）03-0069-11

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2021.00.021

收稿日期：2020-10-29;修订日期：2021-03-05

作者简介：尹秋玲，中国社会科学院大学社会学院博士研究生。

“Meet in the Dusk”： A Study on the Phenomenon of Rural Elderly Caring

Together：Based on the Perspective of Intergenerational Relationship Changes

英文作者 YIN Qiuling

英文作者单位

（School of Socialology， University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，

Beijing 102488， China）

Abstract： With the modernization transformation， the rural old peoples twilight love is on the rise. Based on the qualitative research of small samples in northern rural areas， through the analysis of the characteristics of the rise of twilight love and its normative

“written evidence”

， this paper finds out the practical rules of money exchange and power， responsibility shedding thus comfirming that

twilight love

of the rural elderly is not a modern free love brought about by the development of individualism， nor is it a traditional marriage， but a functional companion ship for the elderly.It realizes the self-supporting function of male elderly living care， female elderly earning for the aged and spiritual consolation through two forms of companionship： complementary needs and mutual assistance.In order to analyze the logic of the rise of the rural old mans twilight love， it is necessary to analyze it from the perspective of generational relationship change.In the process of urbanization and industrialization， the intergenerational relationship of peasant families has gradually become unbalanced and tends to intergenerational exploitation， which is manifested in the imbalance of resource exchange， loss of power transfer and ethical disorder. The imbalance of intergenerational relations leads to the weakening of the familys function of supporting the elderly： the withdrawing of offspring and the self-support of the elderly have become the internal logic of the rise of twilight love. The rise of twilight love in the countryside is a reflection of the family ethical crisis， and the sanctity of the peasant family tends to collapse and urgently needs to be reshaped.

Keywords：twilight love;partner for the elderly;imbalance of intergenerational relationship;ethical crisis

一、问题的提出

随着我国现代化进程的加快，传统农民家庭婚姻行为、伦理发生了巨大变化。目前，针对农村婚恋变迁研究聚焦于农村年轻人天价彩礼、离婚率上升、光棍、晚婚等社会热点现象，对农村老年人婚恋现象关注相对较少。有意思的是，笔者近期在北方X村调研发现，近十年来当地农村老年人黄昏恋呈朝阳之势，有22对左右，因大部分老年人没有领证，所以只能算作黄昏恋。……