肖雨莲 唐德胜 关富僳 涂思豪 李洪涛

摘 要：新疆阿尔塔什水利枢纽工程面板堆石坝坝高164.8 m，地基覆盖层最大厚度94 m，坝体和面板协调变形问题对大坝安全有重要影响。采用三维有限差分软件FLAC3D，对阿尔塔什水利枢纽工程深厚覆盖层面板堆石坝在施工期的应力变形进行了分析，结果表明：坝体最大沉降变形发生在1/3坝高位置;坝0+475剖面最大沉降量为0.55 m，覆盖层的变形量为0.32 m，覆盖层变形占坝体最大沉降变形的58%，河床深厚覆盖层产生的压缩变形对坝体的沉降变形影响较大;靠近坝轴线坝体沉降变形随填筑过程发展较快，高程1 680.0～1 736.0 m和高程1 736.0～1 752.0 m坝体填筑过程中沉降速度分别为2～3 cm/8 m和5～6 cm/8 m;数值计算结果与施工期实测沉降变形和变形特征较为吻合。后期施工和大坝运行过程中应对深厚覆盖层的变形加以关注，适当放慢施工进度，对于分期面板浇筑应适当预留一定沉降期。

關键词：面板堆石坝;有限差分法;应力;变形;覆盖层;阿尔塔什水利枢纽

中图分类号：TV314;TV641.4+3 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.05.025

Abstract： The dam height of the Altash face rockfill dam in Xinjiang is 164.8 m， and the maximum thickness of the overburden foundation is 94 m. The coordinated deformation of the dam body and the panel has an important impact on the dam safety. The three-dimensional finite difference calculation program FLAC3D was used to analyze the stress and deformation of the Altash deep overburden face rockfill dam during construction. The results show that the maximum settlement deformation of the dam occurs at 1/3 dam height. The maximum settlement of the dam 0+475 section is 0.55 m， and the deformation of the cover layer is 0.32 m， and the deformation of the cover layer accounts for 58% of the maximum settlement deformation of the dam. The compression deformation caused by the deep cover of the river bed has a great influence on the settlement deformation of the dam body. The settlement deformation of the dam near the dam axis develops rapidly with the filling process. When the dam is filled to an elevation of 1 680.0-1 736.0 m and an elevation of 1 736.0-1 752.0 m， the settlement increase rate is about 2-3 cm/8 m and 5-6 cm/8 m. The numerical results are in good agreement with the measured settlement deformation and deformation characteristics during the construction period. In the later construction and dam operation process， attention should be paid to the deformation of deep overburden， and the construction progress should be slowed down appropriately. A certain settlement period should be reserved for the staged panel pouring.

Key words： face rockfill dam; finite difference method; stress; deformation; cover layer; Altash face rockfill dam

混凝土堆石体是面板堆石坝的重要组成部分，其变形程度对坝体稳定和安全有很大影响[1]。坝体应力变形分析是坝体设计不可缺少的一部分[2]，施工期坝体应力变形是衡量大坝安全可靠性的重要指标[3]。随着数值计算的快速发展，数值分析逐渐成为面板堆石坝应力变形分析的重要方法，其中基于有限元、有限差分原理的数值分析方法应用最为广泛[4]。FLAC3D有限差分软件在材料的弹塑性分析、大变形分析以及模拟施工过程等方面有其独特的优势[5]，FLAC3D软件的应用范围涵盖水利、公路、铁路、市政等领域，尤其在堆石坝、隧道、基坑、边坡以及桩基等岩土工程中广泛应用[6]。……