徐越群 刘佳 顾吉浩

摘 要：飲用水中氟的含量对人体健康有重要影响，相较于常用的水处理除氟方法存在除氟效率低和成本高等问题，电絮凝法除氟具有工艺简单、易于操作等优点。使用自制的电絮凝反应槽，在双铝极板电絮凝基础上引入锌铝电极，进行电絮凝的动态试验，研究电絮凝法处理高氟饮用水时不同进水流量、不同F-含量、不同pH值对除氟效果的影响及其变化规律，并对锌铝电极与双铝电极的除氟效果进行了比较，结果表明：不同进水流量，在电解槽内的水力停留时间不同，对除氟效果有一定影响，进水流速过快时，不能将水中氟离子含量处理到符合生活饮用水标准要求;在动态运行条件下，氟离子含量低的水样，电絮凝法可以将水样中的氟离子处理达标，氟离子含量较高时，则需要调节pH值才能使电絮凝法得到更好的处理效果;与双铝电极相比较，锌铝电极不仅能有效去除水中的氟离子，而且还能有效降低水的COD含量和浊度。同时指出，水中氟离子的电解去除过程与极板材料的损耗过程同步，在电絮凝过程中，可以采用倒换电极的正负极、减小极板厚度、设置pH值调节池等措施对阳极钝化过程进行控制。

关键词：锌铝电极;电絮凝;氟;水处理

中图分类号：X522;TV211 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.05.019

Abstract： The content of fluorine in drinking water has an important impact on human health. Compared with the commonly used methods of water treatment， the defluorination efficiency is low and the cost is high. Using self-made electroflocculation reaction tank， zinc electrode was introduced on the basis of electroflocculation with double aluminum electrode plate and the dynamic test of electroflocculation was carried out. The influence of different influent flow rate， ion concentration and pH on the defluorination effect and its change rule were studied when the electroflocculation method was used to treat drinking water with high fluorine content. The defluorination effect of zinc aluminum electrode and double aluminum electrode was compared. The results show that the defluorination effect is different. The influent flow rate and the hydraulic retention time in electrolyzer are different， which have certain influence to the effect of defluorination. When the influent flow rate is too fast， the concentration of fluoride ion in the water cannot be treated to meet the national drinking water standard; under the dynamic operation condition， the water sample with low fluoride ion content can be treated to meet the standard by the electric flocculation method， and when the fluoride ion content is high， the reaction needs to be adjusted compared with the double aluminum electrode， zinc aluminum electrode can not only effectively remove the fluoride ion in water， but also effectively reduce the COD concentration and turbidity of water. At the same time， it is pointed out that the electrolytic removal process of fluoride ion in water is synchronous with the loss process of electrode materials. In the process of electrocoagulation， measures such as changing the positive and negative electrodes of the electrode， reducing the thickness of the electrode plate and setting up a pH regulating tank are adopted to control the anode passivation process.

Key words： zinc aluminum electrode; electrocoagulation; fluoriner; water treatment

飲用水中氟的含量对人体健康有重要影响，我国《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749—2006）中氟化物的限值为1.0 mg/L[1]，饮用水中含氟量较高的地区会导致地方性氟中毒[2-3]。在黄河冲积平原区地下水中，氟超标现象非常普遍，这与黄河流经地区氟含量偏高且为该地区的补给水源有很大关系[4-5]，氟超标严重影响当地的经济发展和人民健康。……