崔绍峰 詹新焕 夏可政 王坤 刘克琳

摘 要：合理地分析河道行洪能力，能够有效地减少洪灾损失并为河道管理者提供决策支持。在对北方地区马颊河流域暴雨洪水分析的基础上，探讨“设计暴雨推求设计洪水方法”在该地区的适用性，并基于MIKE11构建马颊河莘县段一维水动力学模型，对比分析在设计标准“1961年雨型”洪水和1971年典型洪水下马颊河莘县段的河道洪水演进情况，根据河道水面线变化及相应最高水位与堤顶的距离，分析洪水上滩情况，评价河道行洪能力。结果表明：马颊河莘县段基本可达到“1961年雨型”防洪标准，仅有少数低洼河段出现洪水漫滩现象，需对相应堤防进行加高防护处理;在1971年典型洪水下，洪水在主槽内演进，不会出现洪水漫滩现象。

关键词：河道行洪;设计暴雨分析;MIKE11;马颊河莘县段

中图分类号：TV877 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.05.012

Abstract： Reasonably analyzing flood carrying capacity of channel can effectively reduce flood losses and provide favorable decision support for river managers. Based on the analysis of rainstorm and flood of Majia River basin in northern China， this paper discussed the applicability of “the method of deducing design flood from design rainstorm” in this area， constructed a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for Majia River in Shenxian section based on MIKE11 and compared and analyzed the river flood evolution in the design standard of “rain-type of 1961” flood and the typical flood in 1971. Through the change of river water surface profile and the distance between the corresponding highest water level and the dike top， it analyzed the situation of flood on the beach and evaluated the flood passing capacity of the river. The results show that the Majia River in Shenxian section can basically meet the flood control standard of “rain-type of 1961”， only a few low-lying sections have flooding problem and the corresponding levees need to be heightened for protection; the flood flows in the main channel and the floodplain will not be flooded under the conditions of the typical flood in 1971.

Key words： river course flood passing; design storm analysis; MIKE11; Majia River in Shenxian section

1 引 言

近年來我国洪涝灾害频发，造成的破坏持续增加，科学合理分析河道行洪能力对于加强河流的洪水管理及减少洪水带来的损失具有非常重要的意义[1]。许士国等[2]构建石佛寺水库下游河道的一维水动力学模型，复核河堤的防洪能力;修海峰等[3]基于MIKE11模拟计算瑞平水系主要河道内的流量及水位变化情况;赵文静[4]建立汾河兰村—义棠段的一维洪水演进模型，结合生态指标进行数值模拟;马娇娇等[5]应用MIKE建立淮河干流蚌埠至浮山段水动力数学模型，模拟100 a一遇洪水在河道的行洪演进过程;张防修等[6]构建主……