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黄河下游泥沙长距离管道输送目标优化方法

2021-07-08刘一鸣姜晗琳李振山

人民黄河 2021年5期

刘一鸣 姜晗琳 李振山

摘 要:为缓解目前黄河下游管道输沙距离短、能效低等问题,针对长距离管道输沙问题,基于阻力损失与流速的变化特性,建立了以输沙量偏差和流速偏差为目标函数,以满足泥沙浓度、流速、管径、输沙量等方面要求为约束条件的多目标优化模型。通过黄河下游管道输沙实例,选用NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法进行多目标寻优,得到的Pareto最优解集和最优前沿在取值空间内呈连续均匀分布,且输沙量偏差向目标函数高效收敛。根据泥沙体积分数不同将所得解集分为3组输沙方案,以适应动态变化的水沙条件和工程需求。

关键词:泥沙;黄河下游;管道输送;多目标优化;遗传算法

中图分类号:TV67;TV882.1 文献标志码:A

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.05.006

Abstract: In order to mitigate the problems of short distance and low energy efficiency for the pipeline sediment transport in the lower Yellow River floodplain, a multi-objective optimization model was built for pipeline design for the sediment transport in the Yellow River floodplain. The model consisted of two objective functions (sediment discharge deviation and flow velocity deviation) and four constrains (sediment concentration, flow velocity, pipe diameter and sediment discharge). NSGA-Ⅱ genetic algorithm was chosen for resolving multi-objective optimization model. The case study shows that the Pareto optimal solution set and the optimal frontier are distributed continuously and uniformly in the value space. Moreover, the deviation function of sediment transport has better convergence. According to the sediment concentration, the solution set was divided into three groups to adapt to the variation of water and sediment conditions and engineering requirements.

Key words: sediment; Lower Yellow River; pipeline transportation; multi-objective optimization; genetic algorithm

黄河下游因泥沙淤积而形成地上悬河,危害甚大[1]。缓解泥沙淤积的有效方法之一是泥沙的综合利用,泥沙可用于加固堤防、淤滩造地、矿坑填埋、填海造陆等,这些利用方式往往涉及泥沙的输送。管道输沙采用多级泵串联形式,理论上可以实现长距离输送[2]。近年来管道输沙研究主要关注某一固定输沙参数和水沙条件的优化,如计算临界不淤流速[3]、建立管道输沙阻力损失[4]等参数模型、输送参数和动力系统的设计计算等[5]。这些研究在一定程度上解决了区域内管道输沙设计问题,但仍存在不足。单一目标优化思路虽然可以优化某一输沙参数,但可能限制了其他输沙性能参数的优化,而且多基于具体案例的输沙目标给出设计方案,普适性较差。……

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