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协作机器人在发动机总成线螺栓拧紧装配中的应用研究

2021-07-08宋卓希李润泽肖啸

时代汽车 2021年9期

宋卓希 李润泽 肖啸

摘 要:人机协作机器人具有成本低、安全性好、柔性高、精度高等优点,被逐步引入到传统的汽车制造领域,在提升制造效率的同时,大量节约人工成本。本文基于丹麦优傲人机协作机器人,设计了一种高效的发动机总成线螺栓的拧紧方案,并首次用于北京奔驰移动式发动机总成线,取代传统人工手持电动工具拧紧的模式,完成移动式发动机总成线的螺栓拧紧过程,实现了人与机器共享工作区域的人机协作生产方式。以较低的改造成本,降低了发动机总成线总体装配时间,提高了拧紧准确性,实现了生产效率和质量的全面提升。

关键词:移动式发动机总成线 协作机器人 自动拧紧 效率提升

Research on Application of Collaborative Robot in Bolt Tightening Assembly of Engine Assembly Line

Song Zhuoxi,Li Runze,Xiao Xiao

Abstract:Human-machine collaborative robots have the advantages of low cost, good safety, high flexibility, and high precision. They are gradually introduced into the traditional automobile manufacturing field, which can improve manufacturing efficiency and save labor costs. Based on the Danish Universal Robots man-machine collaborative robot, this paper designs an efficient bolt tightening scheme for the engine assembly line, and it is used for the Beijing Benz mobile engine assembly line for the first time, replacing the traditional manual hand-held power tool tightening mode to complete the movement. The bolt tightening process of the modular engine assembly line realizes the human-machine collaborative production method in which humans and machines share the working area. With a lower transformation cost, the overall assembly time of the engine assembly line has been reduced, and the tightening accuracy has been improved, and the overall improvement in production efficiency and quality has been achieved.

Key words:mobile engine assembly line, collaborative robot, automatic tightening, efficiency improvement

1 引言

流水作業模式是汽车行业主机厂总装车间的主流作业方式,这种作业方式的输送形式是不断移动的,无走停工位,导致90%左右的工艺操作为人工操作,自动化率相对于冲压、装焊、喷漆车间相对较低。比如总装车间的螺栓拧紧作业,基本都是人工手持拧紧工具进行拧紧的模式。

受到工人熟练程度和疲劳程度的影响,人工操作的效率和准确率波动很大,且常发生装配错误,而协作机器人因其安全性能好、运动可靠性高、可实现人机协作柔性生产等优点[1],近些年开始进入总装领域,进行涂胶、螺栓拧紧、在线检测等作业[2],提升了制造效率和质量,节约了企业的人力成本,提升了企业的竞争力[3]。

汽车行业主机厂总装车间工位有限,如果采用传统的大型工业机器人或其他自动化设备时,经常会占用整个甚至更多的工位,并且需要将整个区域用安全围栏围起来,生产柔性会有所下降,每当产品换型,需要大量的改造费用。……

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